Disclosed are techniques and a device operable to determine a total amount of insulin delivered to the user over a predetermined time period. The total amount of insulin includes a total basal dosage delivered in basal dosages and a total bolus dosage delivered in bolus dosages over the predetermined time period. A proportion of the total amount of insulin delivered to the user provided via the total basal dosage amount over the predetermined time period is calculated. In response determining the proportion of the total amount of insulin attributed to the total basal dosage amount of insulin exceeds a threshold, an average basal dosage to be delivered within a subsequent time period that is approximately equal to the threshold may be determined. An instruction may be generated and output to deliver a modified basal dosage that substantially maintains the average basal dosage over the subsequent time period.

Disclosed are techniques and a device operable to determine a total amount of insulin delivered to the user over a predetermined time period. The total amount of insulin includes a total basal dosage delivered in basal dosages and a total bolus dosage delivered in bolus dosages over the predetermined time period. A proportion of the total amount of insulin delivered to the user provided via the total basal dosage amount over the predetermined time period is calculated. In response determining the proportion of the total amount of insulin attributed to the total basal dosage amount of insulin exceeds a threshold, an average basal dosage to be delivered within a subsequent time period that is approximately equal to the threshold may be determined. An instruction may be generated and output to deliver a modified basal dosage that substantially maintains the average basal dosage over the subsequent time period.

An atomizer is provided. The atomizer includes: a mouthpiece, a first end of which being configured to be placed at a user's mouth; a delivery tube holder located at a second end of the mouthpiece opposite to the first end; a guide mechanism for guiding the delivery tube holder to move between a first position and a third position in an axial direction of the mouthpiece, the delivery tube holder is closest to the mouthpiece in the axial direction when it is in the third position, and the delivery tube holder is farthest from the mouthpiece in the axial direction when it is in the first position; the atomizer performs spraying during the movement of the delivery tube holder from the first position to the third position, and the atomizer performs liquid metering during the movement of the delivery tube holder from the third position to the first position.

A system for controlling a ventilation variable of a ventilation device for tracking a target curve includes at least one sensor to detect instantaneous values of the ventilation variable; an actuator to adjust the ventilation variable of the ventilation device; a memory for storing the target curve for the ventilation variable for an inspiration and/or expiration phase; and a controller having a proportional term and an integral term and that calculates a control difference between the target curve and the instantaneous values, and that controls the actuator accordingly. The controller adjusts the gain factor of the integral term: (i) increasing it when the integral of the control difference for the inspiration and/or expiration phase exceeds a predetermined integral threshold value, or (ii) reducing it when a number of zero crossings of the control difference during the inspiration and/or expiration phase exceeds a predetermined zero-crossing threshold value.