A quadrupolar-solenoidal electro-magnet creates more nearly parallel field lines and a coaxial magnetic bias resulting in allowing deeper magnetic field penetration with reduced depth attenuation and greater focality than available with the commonly used Figure-8 dual toroidal magnets, thereby overcoming the trade-offs inherent in currently standard practice for transcranial magnetic stimulation magnetic field generation and the proposed transcranial magnetic stimulation coil designs. When quadrupole electro-magnets are used with solenoids, the axis of the electro-magnets can be focused at the target within the desired tissue and at greater depth.

An automated resuscitation system is provided, which can improve the outcome of patients suffering ventricular fibrillation or the ventricular tachycardia variants of cardiac arrest. This outcome can be achieved by a device that integrates automatic mechanical or pneumatic capability with electrical countershock capability such that the probability of defibrillation or cardioversion with return of spontaneous circulation is increased.

A method of treating a metabolic condition in a patient, comprising: determining a target non-immediate effect of a therapy relating to treatment of a metabolic condition; and applying an electric field to an abdominal cavity of the patient in a manner designed to at least approach said target.

An apparatus comprises a cardiac signal sensing circuit configured for coupling electrically to a plurality of electrodes and to sense intrinsic cardiac activation at three or more locations within a subject's body using the electrodes; a stimulus circuit configured for coupling to the plurality of electrodes; a signal processing circuit electrically coupled to the cardiac signal sensing circuit and configured to determine a baseline intrinsic activation vector according to the sensed intrinsic cardiac activation; and a control circuit electrically coupled to the cardiac signal sensing circuit and stimulus circuit and configured to: initiate delivery of electrical pacing therapy using initial pacing parameters determined according to the baseline intrinsic activation vector; initiate sensing of a paced activation vector; and adjust one or more pacing therapy parameters according to the paced activation vector.

An apparatus comprises a cardiac signal sensing circuit configured for coupling electrically to a plurality of electrodes and to sense intrinsic cardiac activation at three or more locations within a subject's body using the electrodes; a stimulus circuit configured for coupling to the plurality of electrodes; a signal processing circuit electrically coupled to the cardiac signal sensing circuit and configured to determine a baseline intrinsic activation vector according to the sensed intrinsic cardiac activation; and a control circuit electrically coupled to the cardiac signal sensing circuit and stimulus circuit and configured to: initiate delivery of electrical pacing therapy using initial pacing parameters determined according to the baseline intrinsic activation vector; initiate sensing of a paced activation vector; and adjust one or more pacing therapy parameters according to the paced activation vector.

An optical electrode having a plurality of electrodes, including a recording electrode having a roughened surface and an optical light source configured to emit light, wherein at least a portion of the light impinges on the recording electrode. Also disclosed are methods of producing an optical electrode and an opto-electronic neural interface system.

Described is a medical device lead including a lead body having a conductor lumen including an inner surface. The lead also includes a conductor assembly extending through the conductor lumen; the conductor assembly comprising a conductor member and an outer insulative layer; and an electrode coupled to the conductor cable. The outer insulative layer includes a textured external surface that reduces the coefficient of friction between the outer insulative layer and the inner surface of the conductor lumen through which the conductor assembly extends. Methods of forming the conductor assembly are also described.

The present method and system provides a neuromodulation therapy including receiving a plurality of input data relating to a patient, the input data including brain value measurements and body value measurements. The method and system includes analyzing the input data in reference to reference data generated based on machine learning operations associated with existing patient data and reference database data. Based thereon, the method and system includes electronically determining, a brain malady and a severity value for the patient and electronically generating a treatment protocol for the patient, the treatment protocol includes transcranial stimulation parameters. Therein, the method and system includes applying a transcranial stimulation using the transcranial stimulation parameters based on the treatment protocol.

A transcutaneous electrostimulation device includes an electrostimulation generator providing at an output a nerve electro stimulation signal, an electronic signal conduit conductively connected to the output of the generator, and an electrode coupler shaped to form fit an ear canal of a human ear and having at least one electrostimulation electrode. The electrode is conductively connected to the electronic signal conduit to receive the nerve electrostimulation signal and is positioned at the electrode coupler to contact tissue within an ear canal and apply the nerve electrostimulation signal to the tissue transcutaneously. An audio source outputs audio signals. The electrode coupler has a speaker receiving the audio signals for output into the ear canal when the electrode coupler is worn. The generator sends the nerve electrostimulation signal to the electrode coupler while the audio signals are output. The generator modulates the nerve electrostimulation signal based upon the audio signals.

A lead extension at least one lead extension body; terminals disposed along one end portion of the lead extension body(ies); a lead extension connector disposed along another end portion of the lead extension body(ies); and conductors electrically coupling the connector contacts in the lead extension connector to the terminals. The lead extension connector can include lead channels with non-straight paths to facilitate retention of leads. Alternatively, the lead extension connector can include one or more stretchable boots to each receive a lead when stretched and to grip the lead when relaxed. Alternatively, the lead extension connector can have two connector bodies with a pin channel and pin, respectively. When the pin is inserted into the pin channel, the pin compresses a portion of the connector body against the lead to retain the lead within the connector.