Disclosed herein are therapeutic methods, compositions, and medicaments related to cyclosporine.

The present disclosure relates to methods and compounds for promoting anabolic pathways in neuronal cells leading to improved neuronal survival. In particular, the present disclosure relates to inhibiting PHD to promote glycolysis and neuronal survival in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa.

The present invention relates to budesonide, or a salt thereof, or mixtures thereof for ophthalmic use in a method for the curative treatment of an eye disorder or ailment or disease in a subject in need. Further, the present invention relates to a composition comprising a mixture comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: (i) a budesonide, or a salt thereof, or mixtures thereof; (ii) at least one suspending/thickening agent, and optionally one or more physiologically and/or pharmacologically acceptable excipients; said composition being for use in a method for the curative treatment of an inflammation of the and ocular adnexa or inflammation of the eyeball in a subject in need.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an extract from inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus wherein the quality is more stabilized, and a preparation containing the extract, etc. The use of the amount of N-acetylneuraminic acid contained in an extract from inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus and a preparation containing the extract as an index makes possible to warrant the quality of each manufacturing lot of the extract and the preparation in more stable manner. The extract from inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus and the preparation containing the extract which are manufactured as above, and in which the quality thereof becomes more stable, are warranted to maintain efficacy and safety in more strict manner, and thus extremely useful.

The present invention relates to compounds of: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.6 alkenyl, C(O)—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—CH.sub.3 or CH(OH)—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—CH.sub.3 wherein n is 3 or 4; R.sub.1 is H, F or OH; R.sub.2 is C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.6 alkenyl, C(O)—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—CH.sub.3 or CH(OH)—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—CH.sub.3 wherein n is 3 or 4; R.sub.3 is H, F, OH or CH.sub.2Ph; R.sub.4 is H, F or OH; Q is 1) (CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)OH wherein m is 1 or 2, 2) CH(CH.sub.3)C(O)OH, 3) C(CH.sub.3).sub.2C(O)OH, 4) CH(F)—C(O)OH, 5) CF.sub.2—C(O)OH, or 6) C(O)—C(O)OH;
and compositions comprising the same and the method using the same for the prevention or treatment of various fibrotic diseases and conditions in subjects, including pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, skin fibrosis, renal fibrosis, pancreas fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, cardiac fibrosis or macular degeneration.

A vector system for expressing a transgene in a cell, the vector system comprising a first vector and a second vector, wherein: (a) the first vector comprises in a 5′ to 3′ direction: a promoter; an intron; a 5′ end portion of the transgene coding sequence (CDS); a splice donor sequence; and a first recombinogenic region; (b) the second vector comprises in a 5′ to 3′ direction: a second recombinogenic region; a splice acceptor sequence; and a 3′ end portion of the transgene CDS; wherein the 5′ end portion and the 3′ end portion together constitute the transgene CDS, and wherein the intron is not capable of homologous recombination with the splice donor sequence to excise the 5′ end portion of the transgene CDS.

A vector system for expressing a transgene in a cell, the vector system comprising a first vector and a second vector, wherein: (a) the first vector comprises in a 5′ to 3′ direction: a promoter; an intron; a 5′ end portion of the transgene coding sequence (CDS); a splice donor sequence; and a first recombinogenic region; (b) the second vector comprises in a 5′ to 3′ direction: a second recombinogenic region; a splice acceptor sequence; and a 3′ end portion of the transgene CDS; wherein the 5′ end portion and the 3′ end portion together constitute the transgene CDS, and wherein the intron is not capable of homologous recombination with the splice donor sequence to excise the 5′ end portion of the transgene CDS.

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for associating a genetic variant with intraretinal fluid. Also disclosed herein are methods and compositions for associating a genetic variant with visual acuity, anatomic outcomes or treatment frequency.

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for associating a genetic variant with intraretinal fluid. Also disclosed herein are methods and compositions for associating a genetic variant with visual acuity, anatomic outcomes or treatment frequency.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) that are capable of modulating, e.g., inhibiting or activating, one or more kinases, especially LRRK2 and/or NUAK1 and/or TYK2 or mutants thereof. The compounds are useful for treating diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, bone diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, skin disorders, eye diseases, infectious diseases and hormone-related diseases. The present description discloses the synthesis and characterisation of exemplary compounds as well as pharmacological data thereof (e.g. pages 40 to 146; examples 1 to 63; compounds 1 to 248; tables 1 to 3). Preferred compounds are e.g. 1,4-dihydrobenzo[d]pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,3]diazepine derivatives and related compounds. An exemplary compound is e.g. 5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-8-methoxy-1,4-dihydrobenzo[d]pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,3]diazepine (example 49). (Formula (II):

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