Provided are a method for predicting a treatment response to cancer immunotherapy, the method comprising a step of evaluating, from feces isolated from a patient, the enrichment of a strain of the order TANB77 according to GTDB phylogenetic classification or taxa belonging to the order TANB77, and a step of predicting a treatment response of the patient to cancer immunotherapy on the basis of the enrichment of the order TANB77 or the taxa; a probiotics composition for improving a treatment response; a fecal microbiota transplantation composition; and a method for screening for candidate prebiotics by using same.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are as described herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, and compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

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Disclosed are an IL-5 binding molecule, and a preparation method and use thereof. The binding molecule includes the following complementarity determining regions: an amino acid sequence of CDR1 selected from any one of sequences as set forth in SEQ ID NOs. 43-49; an amino acid sequence of CDR2 selected from any one of sequences as set forth in SEQ ID NOs. 50-56; and an amino acid sequence of CDR3 selected from any one of sequences as set forth in SEQ ID NOs. 57-62. The binding molecule is capable of specifically binding to IL-5, and effectively blocking the cell proliferation induced by IL-5.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.3, Y and A are as described herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, and compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

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Provided in the present disclosure is a small-molecule regulator of TLR8; a compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided in the present disclosure has good TLR8 regulatory activity and can be used to prevent or treat diseases mediated by TLR8.

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The invention provides novel inhibitors or inactivators of protein arginine deiminase 1, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof. The invention also relates to molecular probes based on such compounds and methods of use thereof.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising nanoparticles associated with a plurality of tolerogenic antigens (e.g., between 1-30 tolerogenic 5 antigens per nanoparticle) in such a manner that facilitates strong immune tolerance upon administration to a subject (e.g., a human subject suffering from or at risk of suffering from an autoimmune disorder e.g., MS or celiac disease). The present invention further relates to methods for utilizing such nanoparticles to treat autoimmune disorders (e.g., MS or celiac disease).

A small molecule TNF-α inhibitor is disclosed. The compound has an activity of inhibiting the formation of a TNF-α homotrimer by specifically binding to the binding cavity of a TNF-α homodimer. A composition containing the compound as well as uses of the compound and the composition in preventing or treating autoimmune diseases and/or inflammatory diseases are disclosed. Extracellular inactivation of TNF-α through protein-protein interface destruction is the most innovative and effective method for alleviating chronic systemic inflammatory states, and TIM series compounds, which have better efficacy and lower toxicity than those of existing TNF inhibitors and have oral bioavailability, can be effectively used as leading anti-inflammatory molecules.

A small molecule TNF-α inhibitor is disclosed. The compound has an activity of inhibiting the formation of a TNF-α homotrimer by specifically binding to the binding cavity of a TNF-α homodimer. A composition containing the compound as well as uses of the compound and the composition in preventing or treating autoimmune diseases and/or inflammatory diseases are disclosed. Extracellular inactivation of TNF-α through protein-protein interface destruction is the most innovative and effective method for alleviating chronic systemic inflammatory states, and TIM series compounds, which have better efficacy and lower toxicity than those of existing TNF inhibitors and have oral bioavailability, can be effectively used as leading anti-inflammatory molecules.

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating multiple sclerosis based on AMPK inhibitory function and zinc homeostasis controlling function that effectively treats multiple sclerosis due to its excellent neuroprotective effect without side effects.