A packed bed for a heat exchanger may comprise a frame and a first fin layer disposed within the frame. A second fin layer may be disposed within the frame. A first perforated sheet may be disposed between the first fin layer and the second fin layer. A sorbent material may be disposed within a volume of at least one of the first fin layer or the second fin layer.

A packed bed for a heat exchanger may comprise a frame and a first fin layer disposed within the frame. A second fin layer may be disposed within the frame. A first perforated sheet may be disposed between the first fin layer and the second fin layer. A sorbent material may be disposed within a volume of at least one of the first fin layer or the second fin layer.

A cleaning device includes a housing, an air driver, an ozone generator, and a catalyst. The housing defines an internal cavity. The housing has a first portion defining a first chamber of the internal cavity, a second portion defining a second chamber of the internal cavity, and an intermediate portion extending between the first portion and the second portion, and defining an intermediate chamber. The first chamber is connected to an inlet of the housing. The first portion having a first width. The second chamber is connected to an outlet of the housing. The second portion has a second width greater than the first width. The first portion, the intermediate portion, and the second portion are linearly aligned along a longitudinal axis of the housing. The air driver is positioned within the first chamber. The ozone generator is positioned within the intermediate chamber. The catalyst is positioned within the second chamber.

A protective device to protect against pathogens comprises a protective housing that defines an interior space defined, a closable access opening to enter the interior space, a seating element that allows a passenger to sit in the interior space, and a chassis to move the protective device, wherein the protective device, in a closed state, seals the interior space in an airtight manner against an environment. A method to protect against pathogens comprises providing a protective device to a passenger, closing the protective device in an airtight manner, and moving the protective device. The protective device and/or the method may be used to protect a patient.

An air remediation device includes a housing including an internal chamber, an inlet, an outlet, and a potting material dividing said internal chamber into a first compartment and a second compartment. At least one hollow fiber membrane is supported by the potting material and held in the first compartment. Airborne viral particles are directed (a) through the inlet into the first compartment and then (b) through the at least one hollow fiber membrane, where the airborne viral particles are captured to produce treated air, and then the treated air is directed (c) through the second compartment before being exhausted from the housing through the outlet.

An air remediation device includes a housing including an internal chamber, an inlet, an outlet, and a potting material dividing said internal chamber into a first compartment and a second compartment. At least one hollow fiber membrane is supported by the potting material and held in the first compartment. Airborne viral particles are directed (a) through the inlet into the first compartment and then (b) through the at least one hollow fiber membrane, where the airborne viral particles are captured to produce treated air, and then the treated air is directed (c) through the second compartment before being exhausted from the housing through the outlet.

A normobaric hypoxia trainer including a training chamber, an intake fan for allowing ground level air to be introduced into the training chamber; an exhaust fan for removing air from the training chamber; a plurality of circulation fans for mixing interior air of the training chamber to create a uniform oxygen concentration within the training chamber; a nitrogen generation system, the nitrogen generating system including a plurality of polysulphone membrane cartridges for separating out nitrogen from air; a compressor for supplying compressed air to the nitrogen generation system; a pressure regulator for regulating the pressure of the compressed air; a heater for controlling temperature of the compressed air, the heated pressure regulated compressed air passing through the polysulphone membrane cartridges such that nitrogen can be separated out from the air; and, a flow controller for controlling flow rate of the separated nitrogen into the training chamber.

An air purification and disinfection system includes an apparatus having a housing, an ultraviolet disinfection chamber, an air mover, and an air distribution unit in communication with the disinfection chamber. Air is passed through the disinfection chamber where it is purified and disinfected before it is delivered to the user of the apparatus through the air distribution unit. The apparatus can be configured as an open or a closed circuit system. The system may be configured to purify air in an airplane, a conference room, a classroom, or as a portable unit for an individual user. As a portable unit the disinfection chamber can be incorporated into a back pack, a vest, a purse, a briefcase, a shoulder bag, a cervical collar, or any other format for being carried by the user.

An air purification and disinfection system includes an apparatus having a housing, an ultraviolet disinfection chamber, an air mover, and an air distribution unit in communication with the disinfection chamber. Air is passed through the disinfection chamber where it is purified and disinfected before it is delivered to the user of the apparatus through the air distribution unit. The apparatus can be configured as an open or a closed circuit system. The system may be configured to purify air in an airplane, a conference room, a classroom, or as a portable unit for an individual user. As a portable unit the disinfection chamber can be incorporated into a back pack, a vest, a purse, a briefcase, a shoulder bag, a cervical collar, or any other format for being carried by the user.

A near ceiling mounted NBC filtration system of collective protection shelters comprising a filter unit, a blower, and an air exchange backup unit [20] (FIG. 5). The air exchange backup unit [20] comprising: a plurality of hinged segments [22a, b, c] serially linked to each other to form a foldable arm. The hinged segments [22a, b, c] are configured for transmission of rotational motion between each other. At least one of the hinged segments comprises at least one stage of a first speed increasing transmission. A first end [24] of the air exchange backup unit is swiveably attached to an electric motor [42] driving a blower [40]. And a second end [26] of the air exchange backup unit carries a detachable hand crank [28]. Manual rotation of the hand crank [28] rotates a shaft of the electric motor [42] at substantially a rated speed of the electric motor. The second end [26] of the air exchange backup unit is firmly attachable to a wall of the protection shelter at a convenient position for manual cranking of the hand crank [28]. The air exchange backup unit [20] is selectively folded up at normal times.