A tank on a firefighting aircraft initially is loaded with water. A polymer gel emulsion vessel is provided on the aircraft, but is not activated and mixed with tank water until such polymer gel preparation is initiated by an operator. When initiated, a pump pulls water from the tank and doses it with gel emulsion. Double elbows and/or the pump impeller fully activates the polymer gel. The activated polymer gel is mixed within the tank by one of a variety of systems including mixing paddles or sparging with gas. In one embodiment, a hollow tower of telescoping form has a float to keep an upper end near a surface in the tank and a sparging gas entry is a controlled distance below the surface, such that gas of limited pressure, such as from a ram air inlet can sparge and mix the water and activated polymer gel emulsion effectively.

A tank on a firefighting aircraft initially is loaded with water. A polymer gel emulsion vessel is provided on the aircraft, but is not activated and mixed with tank water until such polymer gel preparation is initiated by an operator. When initiated, a pump pulls water from the tank and doses it with gel emulsion. Double elbows and/or the pump impeller fully activates the polymer gel. The activated polymer gel is mixed within the tank by one of a variety of systems including mixing paddles or sparging with gas. In one embodiment, a hollow tower of telescoping form has a float to keep an upper end near a surface in the tank and a sparging gas entry is a controlled distance below the surface, such that gas of limited pressure, such as from a ram air inlet can sparge and mix the water and activated polymer gel emulsion effectively.

A tank on a firefighting aircraft initially is loaded with water. A polymer gel emulsion vessel is provided on the aircraft, but is not activated and mixed with tank water until such polymer gel preparation is initiated by an operator. When initiated, a pump pulls water from the tank and doses it with gel emulsion. Double elbows and/or the pump impeller fully activates the polymer gel. The activated polymer gel is mixed within the tank by one of a variety of systems including mixing paddles or sparging with gas. In one embodiment, a hollow tower of telescoping form has a float to keep an upper end near a surface in the tank and a sparging gas entry is a controlled distance below the surface, such that gas of limited pressure, such as from a ram air inlet can sparge and mix the water and activated polymer gel emulsion effectively.

A tank on a firefighting aircraft initially is loaded with water. A polymer gel emulsion vessel is provided on the aircraft, but is not activated and mixed with tank water until such polymer gel preparation is initiated by an operator. When initiated, a pump pulls water from the tank and doses it with gel emulsion. Double elbows and/or the pump impeller fully activates the polymer gel. The activated polymer gel is mixed within the tank by one of a variety of systems including mixing paddles or sparging with gas. In one embodiment, a hollow tower of telescoping form has a float to keep an upper end near a surface in the tank and a sparging gas entry is a controlled distance below the surface, such that gas of limited pressure, such as from a ram air inlet can sparge and mix the water and activated polymer gel emulsion effectively.

[Problem] To provide a fire-extinguishing liquid agent in which a fire-extinguishing agent is contained in a desirable balance and is satisfactorily dissolved in a solvent, that is easy to use, and that can be used against normal fires and oil fires, as well as fire-extinguishing equipment loaded with said fire-extinguishing liquid agent. [Solution] A fire-extinguishing liquid agent is sealed in an impact breakable container B that is molded by using a polystyrene resin material in which a general-purpose polystyrene and a styrene-butadiene copolymer are mixed and that has a hand-throwable size, wherein the fire-extinguishing liquid agent is formed: by containing 68-76 parts of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3) relative to 100 parts by weight of ammonium chloride (NH.sub.4Cl); by being treated by passing through a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density of 3000-10000 G; by being dissolved in hot water (magnetic water) in which the temperature thereof is adjusted to 30-50 C.; and by being adjusted to have a pH in a range of 7.5-10.

[Problem] To provide a fire-extinguishing liquid agent in which a fire-extinguishing agent is contained in a desirable balance and is satisfactorily dissolved in a solvent, that is easy to use, and that can be used against normal fires and oil fires, as well as fire-extinguishing equipment loaded with said fire-extinguishing liquid agent. [Solution] A fire-extinguishing liquid agent is sealed in an impact breakable container B that is molded by using a polystyrene resin material in which a general-purpose polystyrene and a styrene-butadiene copolymer are mixed and that has a hand-throwable size, wherein the fire-extinguishing liquid agent is formed: by containing 68-76 parts of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3) relative to 100 parts by weight of ammonium chloride (NH.sub.4Cl); by being treated by passing through a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density of 3000-10000 G; by being dissolved in hot water (magnetic water) in which the temperature thereof is adjusted to 30-50 C.; and by being adjusted to have a pH in a range of 7.5-10.

A FirePOD provides a self-contained, portable, standalone fire protection system that enables property owners, firefighters or others to mix and apply fire-protective gel or foam to entities such as structures, vehicles, vegetation, etc., to protect those entities from wildfire events or other external fire incidents. In various implementations, the FirePOD includes a recirculation-based mixing system for combining a mixture comprising a powder, liquid, or gel-based Thermal Protective Substance (TPS) with a volume of water or other liquid to produce the fire-protective gel or foam. By applying reconfigurable valves, one or more pumps are applied to both recirculate the mixture and, when sufficiently mixed, apply the resulting fire-protective gel or foam via one or more hoses or other dispensing mechanisms. In various implementations, the FirePOD is movable, and is manually or automatically propelled to locations suitable for applying the fire-protective gel or foam.

A forest fire retardant composition is substantially free of ammonium and includes an organophosphate derived from (i) a phosphorylation agent and (ii) an organic molecule comprising at least two hydroxyl groups. The organophosphate may contain at least one phosphate ester bonded to an organic molecule, wherein the organic molecule comprises at least one monomer unit of about 2 to 40 carbon atoms. Preferably, at least 90% of the functional groups of the organophosphate is a phosphate ester group. The composition may also include a salt, including magnesium salt and/or calcium salt. The anion in the salt may be hydroxide, carbonate or phosphate. The salt may be an anhydrous salt, a salt hydrate, or a combination of both. The composition is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

Fire extinguishing systems and methods, such as for combating compartment fires, can include or use wet and dry agents such as water droplets and aerosol-based particulate extinguisher agents. In an example, an extinguishing system includes a centralized extinguishing controller that can selectively provide the wet and dry agents to a compartment or environment. In other examples, dedicated dispenser systems separately, but optionally concurrently, provide water and aerosol-based agents to combat a compartment fire.

A fluid distribution system includes a water line configured to receive water from a water source, an agent line configured to receive agent from an agent source, a flush line configured to receive the water from the water source and connecting to the agent line at a junction, a flush valve positioned to selectively prevent the water from flowing along the flush line, an agent valve positioned to selectively prevent the agent from flowing along the agent line, a first flow meter positioned along the agent line downstream of the junction, a second flow meter positioned downstream of the first flow meter, an eductor coupled to the agent line and the water line downstream of the first flow meter and upstream of the second flow meter, a metering valve positioned downstream of the first flow meter and upstream of the eductor, and a controller.