A field condition-based experimental apparatus for an ecological indicator of vegetation includes a plurality of isolation units arranged at intervals and an auxiliary mechanism detachably connected to the isolation unit. The isolation units include a plurality of isolation boxes arranged at intervals and respectively having a hollow structure, and a support frame respectively disposed at four corners of the isolation box. The auxiliary mechanism is detachably connected to the support frame. A soil layer is disposed in the isolation box. The experimental apparatus has a reliable structure and is easy to use. An appropriate number of isolation units are buried under field conditions based on experimental needs. Auxiliary mechanisms of different structures are mounted based on experimental conditions. This implements reliable detection of an ecological indicator of vegetation under the field conditions and effectively improves authenticity and reliability of detection results. The auxiliary mechanism facilitates disassembly and assembly.

Described are methods of field conditioning cereal crop pollen. A method of the present invention includes collecting fresh pollen and introducing the pollen to field conditioning conditions which regulate pollen moisture content. The field conditioning conditions may include a relative humidity ranging from about 50% to about 100%, a temperature ranging from about −10-10° C., and an air pressure ranging from about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa. The field conditioning conditions may further include a continuous, adjustable positive or negative air flow and/or and a flow of one or more continuously refreshed, selected gases. The field conditioning conditions may dehydrate the pollen to achieve a pollen moisture content of about 40% to about 58%, such as about 50% to about 57%.

Described are methods of field conditioning cereal crop pollen. A method of the present invention includes collecting fresh pollen and introducing the pollen to field conditioning conditions which regulate pollen moisture content. The field conditioning conditions may include a relative humidity ranging from about 50% to about 100%, a temperature ranging from about −10-10° C., and an air pressure ranging from about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa. The field conditioning conditions may further include a continuous, adjustable positive or negative air flow and/or and a flow of one or more continuously refreshed, selected gases. The field conditioning conditions may dehydrate the pollen to achieve a pollen moisture content of about 40% to about 58%, such as about 50% to about 57%.

An agricultural potassium-fertigation method for emitter-irrigation potassium fertigation feeds a potassium-nutrient feedstock comprised of potassium formate and water to an active emitter-irrigation system continuously, or substantially continuously, at low levels, during the entire time, or substantially the entire time, that irrigation water is sufficiently flowing through the irrigation system during a prolonged term.

An agricultural potassium-fertigation method for emitter-irrigation potassium fertigation feeds a potassium-nutrient feedstock comprised of potassium formate and water to an active emitter-irrigation system continuously, or substantially continuously, at low levels, during the entire time, or substantially the entire time, that irrigation water is sufficiently flowing through the irrigation system during a prolonged term.

Methods and apparatus for electrical impedance spectroscopy for non-destructive, real-time, tracking of relative water content and stress responses in plants.

Methods and apparatus for electrical impedance spectroscopy for non-destructive, real-time, tracking of relative water content and stress responses in plants.

The invention relates to a system for electrophysiological analysis of plants, characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of acquisition systems, each acquisition system comprising: —a plurality of pairs of electrodes each comprising a first electrode and a second electrode each intended to be connected to the same plant in order to pick up first and second analog electric potentials, a plurality of operational amplifiers arranged in order to measure the differences in potential between the first and second analog electric potentials acquired by the first and second electrodes of said acquisition system and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters designed to convert the differences in potential into digital signals, —a central data collection system comprising a memory and a source of electrical power, characterized in that each acquisition system is connected to the central system and comprises: a connecting unit designed to transmit the digital signals to the central system, a power unit designed to transmit the electrical power obtained from the electrical energy source to the operational amplifiers and to the analog-to-digital converters, each acquisition system being designed to galvanically isolate the operational amplifiers and the analog-to-digital converters from the power unit and the connecting unit.

A method of predicting fruit quality in a crop before harvesting the crop, comprises receiving a fruit quality threshold for the crop, and selecting a sub-seasonal time-window and a growth threshold, based on the fruit quality threshold. The method also comprises monitoring growth of the crop before a beginning of the time-window, and continuing the monitoring throughout the time-window. If the monitored growth is below the growth threshold during at least 80% of the time-window, then the method provides a prediction output that the fruit quality is above the fruit quality threshold for at least a first percentage of the crop.

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and devices for rhizosphere imaging. Methods include applying a signal to a portion of a plant and its roots via at least one first electrode, receiving the signal via at least one second electrode placed a designated distance from the plant, and generating, using one or more processors, a rhizosphere model based, at least in part, on the received signal, the generating of the rhizosphere model being implemented based, at least in part, on one or more frequency characteristics of the received signal.