Methods of propagating Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are described that do not require the addition of, or presence of, any detectable live host plant material or live plant root material. The method comprises addition of water and optionally exposure to sunlight. It was surprisingly found that soil devoid of any detectable live host plant material, including host plant roots, is capable of supporting AMF reproduction, though it is widely believed that AMF are obligate symbionts requiring live plant roots for colonization to reproduce. Described methods optionally include active removal of living host plant material from the soil prior to AMF inoculation. Optionally, phosphorous compounds are added to the soil prior to inoculation. It was found that addition of phosphorous compounds, such as phosphite, to the soil enhances the growth of AMF spores by as much as three-fold over controls having no added phosphorous compounds.

Methods of propagating Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are described that do not require the addition of, or presence of, any detectable live host plant material or live plant root material. The method comprises addition of water and optionally exposure to sunlight. It was surprisingly found that soil devoid of any detectable live host plant material, including host plant roots, is capable of supporting AMF reproduction, though it is widely believed that AMF are obligate symbionts requiring live plant roots for colonization to reproduce. Described methods optionally include active removal of living host plant material from the soil prior to AMF inoculation. Optionally, phosphorous compounds are added to the soil prior to inoculation. It was found that addition of phosphorous compounds, such as phosphite, to the soil enhances the growth of AMF spores by as much as three-fold over controls having no added phosphorous compounds.

The present invention relates to a photocatalytic film including at least one polymer layer (1) including at least one photocatalyst, said layer being pervious to both the vapors of at least one fumigating compound and ultraviolet radiation capable of activating the photocatalyst. The present invention also relates to a method for treatment by fumigation using said photocatalytic film and at least one fumigant.

The present invention relates to a photocatalytic film including at least one polymer layer (1) including at least one photocatalyst, said layer being pervious to both the vapors of at least one fumigating compound and ultraviolet radiation capable of activating the photocatalyst. The present invention also relates to a method for treatment by fumigation using said photocatalytic film and at least one fumigant.

The present disclosure relates to a technology for providing high-quality treatment recipes that are optimized to the cultivation environment and to the disease or pest problem that has occurred. A platform server and method for providing disease and pest treatment recipes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: an information collector configured to receive the image of a crop and information on the cultivation environment; an image analyzer configured to identify the disease or pest problem based on the image of the crop; and a recipe recommender configured to search a multiple number of treatment recipes from a recipe database based on the identified disease or pest problem and the information on the cultivation environment and provide the searched treatment recipes together with suitability ratings to a user.