Provided is a mixed turf arranged on a soil and including: a synthetic turf, natural grass arranged in the synthetic turf, said synthetic turf including: synthetic filaments suitable to simulate grass blades and a backing consisting of a membrane suitable to support the synthetic filaments, the backing being further as a whole substantially draining, enabling transpiration and permitting the passage therethrough of the roots of said natural grass and which is non-biodegradable.

The present invention provides a water-retaining layer for retaining water in soil, the water-retaining layer being composed of a coagulated natural rubber latex; a greening system having the water-retaining layer provided; and a construction method of the greening system, comprising: an exposing step of removing surface soil in a construction target land and exposing underground soil, a spraying step of spraying a natural rubber latex on an exposed surface of soil, a coagulation step of coagulating the natural rubber latex to form a water-retaining layer, and a covering step of covering the water-retaining layer with the removed surface soil.

The present invention provides a water-retaining layer for retaining water in soil, the water-retaining layer being composed of a coagulated natural rubber latex; a greening system having the water-retaining layer provided; and a construction method of the greening system, comprising: an exposing step of removing surface soil in a construction target land and exposing underground soil, a spraying step of spraying a natural rubber latex on an exposed surface of soil, a coagulation step of coagulating the natural rubber latex to form a water-retaining layer, and a covering step of covering the water-retaining layer with the removed surface soil.

A mobile illumination device including a movable frame running on wheels; and a panel mounted on the movable frame and including infrared radiators and LED radiators.

A vegetation effect calculation device includes: a memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to: acquire a moisture content of a slope, a relational expression between the moisture content and an adhesion of soil in the slope, and a vegetation adhesion that is an adhesion of vegetation abundantly growing in the slope; calculate a correction value, using the acquired moisture content of the slope, and the acquired relational expression between the moisture content and the adhesion of the soil; and calculate a corrected vegetation adhesion, using the acquired vegetation adhesion, and the calculated correction value.

A vegetation effect calculation device includes: a memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to: acquire a moisture content of a slope, a relational expression between the moisture content and an adhesion of soil in the slope, and a vegetation adhesion that is an adhesion of vegetation abundantly growing in the slope; calculate a correction value, using the acquired moisture content of the slope, and the acquired relational expression between the moisture content and the adhesion of the soil; and calculate a corrected vegetation adhesion, using the acquired vegetation adhesion, and the calculated correction value.

A geothermal aerification system includes a basin for storing water and a network of geothermal piping in fluid communication with the basin. The network of geothermal piping is configured to adjust a temperature of the water and is located at a depth below a ground surface to circulate the water to selectively absorb geothermal energy to increase a temperature of the water, or to dissipate heat to decrease the temperature of the water. The system also includes a network of water distribution pipes in fluid communication with the basin. The network of water distribution pipes is configured to discharge the water at the adjusted temperature proximate to the ground surface.

Applying sustainable approaches in the landscape of public and private projects in a desert region (arid or semi-arid regions such as Saudi Arabia) is crucial to preserve natural resources such as water. It is possible to design a desert public university campus to save 82% of water consumption while having a modern landscape. This modern landscape is more acceptable to the campus population than a traditional desert landscape. This is a sustainable native soft and solid landscape for usage in public and private spaces in arid and semi-arid regions. It supports the national and international direction towards transforming into green societies while saving natural resources, i.e., water. Decision-makers, landscape engineers, agriculture engineers, architects' engineers, and any interested person or specialist organization can design their own ideas landscapes following the soft and solid materials quantities and ratios herein with approximately 2.26 L/m.sup.2 water consumption rate.

A turf surface 80 comprising: (a) a reinforcing root-permeable mat 10; (b) a removable root-permeable backing 60 located beneath the reinforcing root-permeable mat 10; (c) a layer of growth media 42 located on the reinforcing root-permeable mat 10; and (d) natural grass plants 30 having roots 32 extending downwardly through the layer of growth media 42 and the reinforcing root-permeable mat 10 and the removable root-permeable backing 60;
wherein, in use, prior to being laid at a destination site, the removable root-permeable backing 60 is separated from the reinforcing root-permeable mat 10, so that any roots 34 which engage with and extend through the removable root-permeable backing 60 are substantially removed from the turf surface 80.

A turf surface 80 comprising: (a) a reinforcing root-permeable mat 10; (b) a removable root-permeable backing 60 located beneath the reinforcing root-permeable mat 10; (c) a layer of growth media 42 located on the reinforcing root-permeable mat 10; and (d) natural grass plants 30 having roots 32 extending downwardly through the layer of growth media 42 and the reinforcing root-permeable mat 10 and the removable root-permeable backing 60;
wherein, in use, prior to being laid at a destination site, the removable root-permeable backing 60 is separated from the reinforcing root-permeable mat 10, so that any roots 34 which engage with and extend through the removable root-permeable backing 60 are substantially removed from the turf surface 80.