An underwater acoustic projector system that includes a linear array of acoustic projectors in close proximity such that the acoustic projectors interact with one another when they produce acoustic pressures, wherein each acoustic projector in the linear array is spaced apart from an adjacent acoustic projector by a respective distance, and wherein the respective distance between two acoustic projectors proximate the center of the linear array is greater than the respective distance between two acoustic projectors proximate the end of the linear array.

The method for producing a vapor composition containing lactic acid of the present invention is capable of suppressing the generation of by-products such as acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide due to pyrolysis of a lactic acid species during vaporization. Furthermore, a lactic acid oligomer generated can be effectively used without loss, and a vapor composition containing lactic acid can be industrially efficiently produced stably for a long time. The present invention relates to a method for producing a vapor composition containing lactic acid including: feeding a liquid composition containing lactic acid to a vaporizer; mixing the liquid composition with a liquid composition containing a lactic acid oligomer contained in the vaporizer to prepare a liquid mixture; and heating the liquid mixture to vaporize part of the liquid mixture, whereby a vapor composition containing lactic acid is produced.

Methods and apparatus for vaporizing liquid from a liquid source into the surrounding environment, are disclosed, where the apparatus comprises at least one manifold comprising at least one liquid port formed by a through-hole and at least one ridge structure, wherein the liquid port is in fluid communication with the liquid source and the one ridge structure At least one vaporization port is included in a planar structure connecting a first side of the structure to a second side, in fluid communication with the at least one ridge structure and the surrounding environment, wherein fluid flow through the liquid and vaporization ports is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the structure, and the ridge structures are substantially parallel to the plane of the structure. At least one heating element is present that is in thermal communication to the at least one vaporization port and at least one ridge structure.

A water vapor generating apparatus includes a chamber having an inner space defined therein; a space partitioning member including a first partitioning portion, and a second partitioning portion, wherein the space partitioning member divides the inner space into a water vapor discharge space and a heating space; a first evaporation tube disposed in the heating space and in a coil shape surrounding the second partitioning portion; a second evaporation tube disposed in the heating space and in a coil shape surrounding the first evaporation tube; an inner cage disposed between the first evaporation tube and the second evaporation tube, wherein the inner cage presses against the first evaporation tube toward the second partitioning portion; and an outer cage surrounding the second evaporation tube, wherein the outer cage presses against the second evaporation tube toward the first evaporation tube.

Provided is an ultrafine bubble generating method and an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus capable of efficiently generating a UFB-containing liquid with high purity. To this end, a flow passage inner volume is varied by using a flow passage inner volume varying element, the liquid is pressurized such that the liquid passes through a narrow portion at high speed and flows into a depressurizing area.

A device for generating a decontaminating agent vapor, in particular hydrogen peroxide vapor, comprising a single- or multipart evaporator body (1); a heating device for heating the evaporator body (1); at least one supply channel, preferably multiple supply channels, for supplying a liquid decontaminating agent to be evaporated, in particular hydrogen peroxide, to at least one of multiple blind holes (7, 8, 9, 10) arranged in the evaporator body (1); and a flow channel (2) which is arranged above the upper blind holes edges (11, 12, 13, 14) of the blind holes (7, 8, 9, 10) and which connects a carrier medium inlet (3) to an outlet (4) in a gas-conductive manner for a gaseous carrier medium, in particular air, in order to discharge the decontaminating agent vapor through the outlet (4) in a flow direction of the carrier medium. According to the invention, at least two of the blind holes (7, 8, 9, 10), preferably all of the blind holes (7, 8, 9, 10), are fluidically connected together at a distance from the respective upper blind hole edges (11, 12, 13, 14).

A system for detecting a possibility of boiling over and preventing said boiling over comprising a vessel having a vessel's lid, the lid being characterised in that it is configured to: receive information on an initial level of the vessel's content and current level of the vessel's content; and establish on which heating section of a particular cooktop the vessel and the lid are positioned; and based on a difference between the initial level and the current level as well as the time of the creation of said difference: the lid is configured to instruct a height actuator of the lid to extend said lid vertically, in order to extend height of said vessel, and the lid is configured to instruct an aperture actuator to create an aperture in the lid's; the lid is configured to communicate with said cooktop in order to decrease power generation on said heating section.

A system for detecting a possibility of boiling over and preventing said boiling over comprising a vessel having a vessel's lid, the lid being characterised in that it is configured to: receive information on an initial level of the vessel's content and current level of the vessel's content; and establish on which heating section of a particular cooktop the vessel and the lid are positioned; and based on a difference between the initial level and the current level as well as the time of the creation of said difference: the lid is configured to instruct a height actuator of the lid to extend said lid vertically, in order to extend height of said vessel, and the lid is configured to instruct an aperture actuator to create an aperture in the lid's; the lid is configured to communicate with said cooktop in order to decrease power generation on said heating section.

A humidity management device and a potable water generation system and method using such a device are provided. The humidity management device includes a chamber having an air inlet disposed adjacent a first end and an air outlet disposed adjacent a second end, and a dispensing mechanism configured to dispense a moisture-regulating substance into a space between the first and second ends. The dispensing mechanism includes a liquid inlet disposed adjacent the second end for supplying a flow of the moisture-regulating substance into the chamber toward the first end and a conveyor configured to transport a portion of the moisture-regulating substance collected adjacent the first end and re-distribute said moisture-regulating substance into the space between the first and second ends. The conveyor includes an Archimedes' screw at least partially enclosed in an elongated sleeve.

A vaporizing apparatus for thin film deposition is provided. The vaporizing apparatus includes an atomizer configured to mix a source injected through a source inlet and a carrier gas injected through a carrier gas inlet and spray a mixed gas, a vaporizing unit including a first vaporization area and a second vaporization area, which are configured to vaporize the mixed gas sprayed from the atomizer, and configured to discharge a vaporized gas as a process gas through an outlet, and a heating unit configured to maintain the mixed gas in the vaporizing unit at a fixed temperature. The heating unit includes a first heating part arranged to surround the first vaporization area and configured to maintain the temperature of the mixed gas in the first vaporization area and a second heating part arranged to enclose the second vaporization area with the first heating part and configured to maintain the temperature of the mixed gas in the second vaporizing space.