Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for water purification and desalination. The systems have a preheater, a degasser, multiple evaporation chambers with demisters, heat pipes, and a control system, wherein the control system permits continuous operation of the purification and desalination system without requiring user intervention or cleaning. The system is capable of recovering heat from each distillation stage, while removing, from a contaminated water sample, a plurality of contaminant types including: microbiological contaminants, radiological contaminants, metals, salts, volatile organics, and non-volatile organics.

A process for recovering an ethylene oxide (EO) enriched product stream from fat absorbent (FA) comprising water, EO, and acetaldehyde. The process comprises passing a feed of FA from a loopgas EO absorber to a multi-stage countercurrent distillation zone, the feed of FA having a concentration of EO in the range of from about 1 to about 15 wt % upon entering the distillation zone; and obtaining from the distillation zone an acetaldehyde enriched stream, a lean absorbent (LA) stream, a vapour stream enriched in light ends, a glycol enriched bottoms stream and an EO enriched product stream. Suitable apparatus is also disclosed.

A process by which the raw material, a gas comprising mainly hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, is introduced into a first reactor together with a catalyst, in which one or more reactions take place that produce methanol or dimethyl ether or both, which are then introduced into a second reactor adding oxygen and a catalyst and producing formaldehyde and a minority of dimethyl ether, and where there may be an excess of water, such water being extracted from the process and the remaining products being introduced into the third reactor with, optionally, an additive, and such raw material is exposed to catalysts and under an atmosphere at medium temperature and pressure, in order to produce three or four groups of chemical reactions that, after extracting most of the water that is generated as a residue during the process, produces as a result a liquid multifunctional product that can be used as a solvent, a foaming agent or an oxygenated fuel; said product, normally a fluid, comprises polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers with molecular formula CH3O(CH2O)nCH3 wherein n has a value between 1 and 7.

A process for removing free liquids from oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings waste. A process is described wherein a high gravity centripetal separator and low temperature thermal process are cooperatively used to enhance the mechanical and thermal separation methods, resulting in improved efficiency of the hydrocarbon and water removal process. A process is also described wherein the oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings waste is heated to strip volatile constituents and excess water from the oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings to further enhance the mechanical and thermal separation methods resulting in improved efficiency of the hydrocarbon and water removal process. A less expensive process is also described where the oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings waste is heated to strip volatile constituents and excess water from the oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings to further enhance the recoverable liquids phase during mechanical separation. A conventional stripping process for oil base mud is also utilized.

A process for removing free liquids from oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings waste. A process is described wherein a high gravity centripetal separator and low temperature thermal process are cooperatively used to enhance the mechanical and thermal separation methods, resulting in improved efficiency of the hydrocarbon and water removal process. A process is also described wherein the oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings waste is heated to strip volatile constituents and excess water from the oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings to further enhance the mechanical and thermal separation methods resulting in improved efficiency of the hydrocarbon and water removal process. A less expensive process is also described where the oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings waste is heated to strip volatile constituents and excess water from the oil base mud contaminated drill cuttings to further enhance the recoverable liquids phase during mechanical separation. A conventional stripping process for oil base mud is also utilized.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroallcyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroallcyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

The present invention provides for a structure comprising a plurality of emitters, wherein a first nozzle of a first emitter and a second nozzle of a second emitter emit in two directions that are not or essentially not in the same direction; wherein the walls of the nozzles and the emitters form a monolithic whole. The present invention also provides for a structure comprising an emitter with a sharpened end from which the emitter emits; wherein the emitters forms a monolithic whole. The present invention also provides for a fully integrated separation of proteins and small molecules on a silicon chip before the electrospray mass spectrometry analysis.

Provided is a methanol plant that can obtain fresh water from sea water by using, in a seawater desalination device, the exhaust heat discharged in a step for producing methanol from natural gas. The methanol plant is provided with: a heat exchanger (4) that recovers into a thermal medium (for example, seawater) the exhaust heat discharged from a step for producing methanol from a feed stock (for example, natural gas); and a seawater desalinization device (6) that obtains freshwater from seawater using the exhaust heat recovered by means of the thermal medium.

The present invention relates to a process for oligomerization of C2- to C8-olefins in at least two reaction stages, wherein in the last distillation column the reaction mixture is fractionated such that only very small amounts of the oligomers formed remain in the distillate.