The present system is for simultaneous recovery of purified water and dissolved solids from impure high TDS water (1) which is achieved in a single step and eliminates the use of external thermal energy for making the system significantly efficient. It eliminates the use of boiler, cooling tower that reduces the overall capital cost and continuous requirement of external thermal energy for making system efficient. The simultaneous recovery of the purified water and solids from high TDS input effluent reduce the energy intensity of the system. Said system provides a vacuum system as heat pump which enables the system to be self-sufficient in thermal energy requirements for evaporation process and reduces GHG emissions significantly.

The present disclosure relates to distillation apparatus, especially such apparatus that may be deployed within a commercial, domestic or near-Domestic situation to provide distilled water on demand. The distillation apparatus comprising an evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber, a heat source, the heat source being arranged to supply heat to at least part of the evaporation chamber, a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a vapour compression pump, wherein the condensation chamber surrounds at least part of the evaporation chamber.

A method includes providing a resonant thermal oscillator in a thermofluidic system having at least two counter-flowing liquid streams separated by at least a spectrum absorbing material, wherein the spectrum absorbing material is hydrophobic, light-absorbing, and photothermal, and adjusting a flow rate in at least one of the counter-flowing liquid streams to maximize heat transfer between the at least two counter-flowing liquid streams.

A distillation and dehydration system is provided that produces an anhydrous organic solvent. The provided system includes vapor recompression (e.g., a mechanical or thermal vapor recompression unit) to recover heat from a rectification-distillation section (e.g., a rectifier/stripper column). The addition of vapor recompression enables further heat recovery within a stream by increasing the condensation temperature and pressure of that stream and later using its latent heat by condensing it.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods of depolymerizing a lignin component of a lignin-containing material. The method comprising contacting the lignin-containing material with a solvent and optionally a catalyst at a temperature in the range of 180-300° C. and at a maximum operating pressure of less than 10 barG during the depolymerization of the lignin component of the material and collecting at least one volatile stream comprising one or more depolymerized lignin products. In an embodiment, the step of contacting is carried out in a reactive distillation reactor, and the step of collecting comprises concurrently collecting at least one volatile stream via distillation apparatus connected to the reactive distillation reactor, at least one of the one or more depolymerized lignin products comprises a substituted phenol having the following general formula: (I) wherein R.sub.1 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, propenyl, or allyl, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from H or methoxy group.

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According to aspect of the present invention there is provided humus treatment process with active neurological substances, that is, the waste treatment process in the pharmaceutical industry. That uses raw materials from plants. The process involves treatment of fossil plants, Canabis sative, Mittragyna speciose, Datura metel and Magic mushrooms in order to allow residues in the plant to interact with the system. Nerves are depleted or less than the set value and allowing the production waste to be used in the processing of the fibers and agriculture industry.

An extractive distillation column system contains a combination column and a side rectification column. A process can be used for separation of butenes from C4-hydrocarbon streams using the extractive distillation column system.

This disclosure describes energy efficient process to distill a process stream in a production facility. A process uses multiple effect evaporators, ranging from one evaporator to eight evaporators in each effect. The process arrangement shows an example of four effect evaporators, with a zero-effect evaporator having a single evaporator, a first-effect evaporator having a set of three evaporators, a second-effect evaporator having a set of three evaporators, and a third-effect evaporator having a set of evaporators to create condensed distillers solubles.

A distillation system receives a feed solution to produce residue and distillate. A heat pump includes parts of a first and second heat exchangers, a working fluid, a working fluid compressor, and an expansion device. The working fluid receives available heat energy from the distillate in the second heat exchanger, receives at least some additional heat energy in the working fluid compressor, and releases at least some of that heat energy into the feed solution in the first heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger receives the feed solution, permitting transfer of at least some heat energy into it. A separator receives the feed solution from the first heat exchanger and separates it into the residue and distillate. The second heat exchanger receives the distillate, permitting transfer of at least some heat energy back into the working fluid. And a distillate extractor directs the distillate out of the second heat exchanger.

A process produces sodium and/or potassium alkoxides in countercurrent by reactive rectification. Alcohol is reacted in countercurrent with the respective alkali metal hydroxide. The vapours containing alcohol and water are separated into at least two serially arranged rectification columns. The energy of the vapour obtained in the first rectification is utilized for operating the second rectification. This specific energy integration coupled with establishing a certain pressure difference in the two rectification stages makes it possible to cover a particularly large proportion of the energy required for the rectification through electricity and to save heating steam.