A cold trap has multiple interior spaces formed within one unit such that a vacuum pump pulls only dry air and distillate substantially fully or fully condenses and drops out of the bottom of the device. Laminar flow through a side portal is converted into turbulent flow in a cooling region around a conical cold glass or other inert protrusion. The only other portal of the cooling region is a bottom portal such that though there is vacuum suction, vapors only exit through the bottom portal after condensing and falling through an outer section while dry air is pulled upwards to an upper vacuum portal.

It is an object of the present invention to avoid or reduce various problems or adverse effects by phase transition impurity substances when valuable substances such as ethanol are produced from a raw material gas containing the phase transition impurity substances such as naphthalene. A raw material gas g from a raw material gas generator 2 is passed through a phase transition impurity substance remover 10 to remove phase transition impurity substances such as naphthalene from the raw material gas g. Subsequently, the raw material gas g is passed through a solid/liquid catcher 30 to remove solid or liquid impurity substances from the raw material gas g. Subsequently, the raw material gas g is introduced to a valuable substance producing reactor 6, where a reaction occurs to produce valuable substances such as ethanol.

It is an object of the present invention to avoid or reduce various problems or adverse effects by phase transition impurity substances when valuable substances such as ethanol are produced from a raw material gas containing the phase transition impurity substances such as naphthalene. A raw material gas g from a raw material gas generator 2 is passed through a phase transition impurity substance remover 10 to remove phase transition impurity substances such as naphthalene from the raw material gas g. Subsequently, the raw material gas g is passed through a solid/liquid catcher 30 to remove solid or liquid impurity substances from the raw material gas g. Subsequently, the raw material gas g is introduced to a valuable substance producing reactor 6, where a reaction occurs to produce valuable substances such as ethanol.

A diffusion pump is provided that includes a housing and a boiling chamber connected to the housing. The boiling chamber has a heating element. The housing has a nozzle that is connected to the boiling chamber. The housing also has a condenser is arranged at an internal surface, where the condenser has a cooling system. The boiling chamber is thermally isolated from the condenser by an isolator. The cooling system is at least partially a water cooling system and is connected to the heating element via a heat pump such that heat from the condenser is supplied to the heating element.

A diffusion pump is provided that includes a housing and a boiling chamber connected to the housing. The boiling chamber has a heating element. The housing has a nozzle that is connected to the boiling chamber. The housing also has a condenser is arranged at an internal surface, where the condenser has a cooling system. The boiling chamber is thermally isolated from the condenser by an isolator. The cooling system is at least partially a water cooling system and is connected to the heating element via a heat pump such that heat from the condenser is supplied to the heating element.

It is preferable that metallic sodium to be loaded to an engine valve used for an internal combustion engine such as automobile engine have high purity. However, conventionally, an organic solvent remaining in micropores on a surface of the metallic sodium have been hardly attracted attention. Provided is a method for purifying metallic sodium including steps of placing metallic sodium containing organic solvent in the micropores thereof in a melting tank which is sealed, and heating the melting tank under reduced pressure to vaporize and remove the organic solvent coating the metallic sodium.

It is preferable that metallic sodium to be loaded to an engine valve used for an internal combustion engine such as automobile engine have high purity. However, conventionally, an organic solvent remaining in micropores on a surface of the metallic sodium have been hardly attracted attention. Provided is a method for purifying metallic sodium including steps of placing metallic sodium containing organic solvent in the micropores thereof in a melting tank which is sealed, and heating the melting tank under reduced pressure to vaporize and remove the organic solvent coating the metallic sodium.

A terpene extraction system and method of extracting terpenes from plant biomass are described. The plant biomass is derived from a Cannabis source plant, as one example source plant. A reactor assembly and one or more cold traps can be a part of the system, and can be involved in the method. The reactor assembly has a housing that receives the plant biomass, and has an agitator that moves the plant biomass in the housing, per an example. The cold trap(s) is situated downstream of the reactor assembly. A heater and a vacuum pump can also be part of the terpene extraction system, and can be involved in the method.

A terpene extraction system and method of extracting terpenes from plant biomass are described. The plant biomass is derived from a Cannabis source plant, as one example source plant. A reactor assembly and one or more cold traps can be a part of the system, and can be involved in the method. The reactor assembly has a housing that receives the plant biomass, and has an agitator that moves the plant biomass in the housing, per an example. The cold trap(s) is situated downstream of the reactor assembly. A heater and a vacuum pump can also be part of the terpene extraction system, and can be involved in the method.

A gas cooling equipment is provided comprising a refrigerant storage device, a cooling processing device, and a dehydrating device. The dehydrating device is disposed on an air intake end of the cooling processing device for dewatering a high temperature gas. The invention is adopted to solve problems arising from the pressure increasing and the quartz cassettes breaking easily due to moisture in a low temperature portion of the high temperature gas discharged from a high temperature oven entering the cooling processing device, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency and reducing the manufacturing cost.