A process to transform spent cannabis biomass into activated carbon via a treatment involving a chemical activation process. The spent cannabis biomass is mixed with an activating agent and then subjected to a heat treatment. The spent cannabis biomass is heated in stages, the first to remove water and volatile components, and the second to reclaim leftover cannabinoids. During a third, higher temperature stage, the biomass is converted to activated carbon.

A method of converting a liquid hydrocarbon stream to lower boiling point hydrocarbons may include converting the liquid hydrocarbon stream to an aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream, and subjecting the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream to reaction conditions. Reaction conditions may include a temperature from 25° C. to 1,000° C. and a pressure from 1 bar to 15 bar. The method may further include forming the lower boiling point hydrocarbons in the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream and separating the lower boiling point hydrocarbons from the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream. The lower boiling point hydrocarbons may comprise at least C.sub.2—C.sub.4 olefins.

A method of converting a liquid hydrocarbon stream to lower boiling point hydrocarbons may include converting the liquid hydrocarbon stream to an aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream, and subjecting the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream to reaction conditions. Reaction conditions may include a temperature from 25° C. to 1,000° C. and a pressure from 1 bar to 15 bar. The method may further include forming the lower boiling point hydrocarbons in the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream and separating the lower boiling point hydrocarbons from the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream. The lower boiling point hydrocarbons may comprise at least C.sub.2—C.sub.4 olefins.

A lithographic apparatus arranged to project a pattern from a patterning device onto a substrate, comprising at least one housing comprising at least one internal wall, at least one optical component arranged within at least one chamber defined at least in part by the at least one internal wall and configured to receive a radiation beam and a cooling apparatus arranged to cool at least a portion of the at least one internal wall to a temperature below that of the at least one optical component.

An olefin and methanol co-production plant for co-production of an olefin and methanol from a source gas containing methane includes: an olefin production unit for producing the olefin; and a methanol production unit for producing methanol from a carbon oxide gas in the olefin production unit. The olefin production unit includes a partial oxidative coupling device for producing the olefin by partial oxidative coupling reaction of methane contained in the source gas. The methanol production unit includes a reforming device for producing hydrogen by reforming reaction of methane, and a methanol production device for producing methanol by reaction with hydrogen produced by the reforming device. At least one of the reforming device or the methanol production device is configured to perform reaction using the carbon oxide gas in the olefin production unit.

A gas trap system for metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) exhaust abatement operations is provided. The gas trap system may include a housing including an inlet configured to receive exhaust gas and an outlet. The gas trap system may also include a conical inlet shield positioned within the housing. The conical inlet shield may form a first path between the housing and the conical inlet shield, wherein the first path receives the exhaust gas from the inlet. The conical inlet shield may also cool the exhaust gas and cause the exhaust gas to be uniformly distributed in the first path. The gas trap system may also include a filter configured to receive the exhaust gas from the first path and to filter the exhaust gas, wherein the filtered gas exhaust is provided to the outlet.

A gas trap system for metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) exhaust abatement operations is provided. The gas trap system may include a housing including an inlet configured to receive exhaust gas and an outlet. The gas trap system may also include a conical inlet shield positioned within the housing. The conical inlet shield may form a first path between the housing and the conical inlet shield, wherein the first path receives the exhaust gas from the inlet. The conical inlet shield may also cool the exhaust gas and cause the exhaust gas to be uniformly distributed in the first path. The gas trap system may also include a filter configured to receive the exhaust gas from the first path and to filter the exhaust gas, wherein the filtered gas exhaust is provided to the outlet.

Disclosed is an apparatus for collecting a by-product in a semiconductor manufacturing process. An objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for collecting a by-product such that exhaust gas having great amount of light gas is coagulated while having sufficient residence time in a long flow path, whereby the exhaust gas is collected as a high-density by-product. For this purpose, the apparatus includes: a housing receiving and discharging introduced exhaust gas and configured with a horizontal vortex plate; an upper plate covering an upper portion of the housing; an internal collecting tower provided with a collecting tower cover and a seed eliminating fin to extend a flow path and residence time of the exhaust gas; a heater having a heat conduction plate; and an extended discharging pipe configured to extend the flow path and residence time of the exhaust gas and discharge the exhaust gas.

Botanical materials are dehydrated, ruptured and comminuted into particles by blades or whips in a fluidized bed. Particles separated from a drying gas are transferred to reduced pressure insulated vessels. Solvents dissolve components of the particles under precise temperature control. Solvents are recirculated and distilled to recover distillates. Distillates are refined by thermal and pressure changes to remove fats, waxes and contaminants and are fractionated to specific essential oils. The essential oils are tested, winterized, filtered, decarboxilated, polished, diluted and discharged into collection vessels. The collected essential oils are pumped through needles into sealed cartridges. The cartridges are tamper-proofed, printed and labeled with batch, botanical source, process, tracking and tracing information and codes.

Botanical materials are dehydrated, ruptured and comminuted into particles by blades or whips in a fluidized bed. Particles separated from a drying gas are transferred to reduced pressure insulated vessels. Solvents dissolve components of the particles under precise temperature control. Solvents are recirculated and distilled to recover distillates. Distillates are refined by thermal and pressure changes to remove fats, waxes and contaminants and are fractionated to specific essential oils. The essential oils are tested, winterized, filtered, decarboxilated, polished, diluted and discharged into collection vessels. The collected essential oils are pumped through needles into sealed cartridges. The cartridges are tamper-proofed, printed and labeled with batch, botanical source, process, tracking and tracing information and codes.