A novel Salt Repellent Technique is presented to remove all inorganic salts from seawater to get potable water. The repellent additives recommended throws out all salts of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium and the like ions from seawater and paves way to get salt free potable water. The conventional washing of ice crystals is completely avoided due to the presence of additives. This technique helps to remove last traces of salts from seawater and analogous waters, without undertaking the conventional washing process. The new salt repellent process assures of high water recovery, ease of operation, lesser pollution, smaller plants, simpler machinery and technology, lower energy cost, nil or lesser pre-treatment and recovery of valuable by-products. To reduce the TDS still lower, it is recommended to have a simplified reverse osmosis unit in addition, as a post-operative arrangement.

A method for crystallization of β-ammonium tetramolybdate includes: performing a stepwise pH-adjusting treatment of an ammonium molybdate solution via zoning to obtain the β-ammonium tetramolybdate. When feeding the ammonium molybdate solution into a reaction system from a first zone and then into second to sixth zones successively, pH.sup.1 of a resultant solution in the first zone is 7.0-6.0; pH.sup.2 of a resultant solution in the second zone is less than 6 and greater than or equal to 4; pH.sup.3 of a resultant solution in the third zone is less than 4 and greater than or equal to 2.5; pH.sup.4 of a crystallized slurry in the fourth zone is less than 2.5 and greater than or equal to 1; pH.sup.5 of a crystallized slurry in the fifth zone is 2.5-4.0; and pH.sup.6 of a crystallized slurry in the sixth zone is less than 2.5 and greater than or equal to 2.0.

Disclosed is a method for fast and cost-efficient preparation of ikaite crystals. The method comprises contacting an alkaline aqueous solution, which comprises carbonate and bicarbonate ions, with a water solution, which comprises Ca.sup.2+, at a temperature not exceeding 15° C., wherein contact between the alkaline aqueous solution and the water solution takes place at a permeable or porous surface, through which either solution is fed to the other at a flow rate facilitating formation of ikaite crystals. Also disclosed is system for carrying out the ikaite preparation process. The process and system provides a cost efficient and effective means for capture and storage of carbon dioxide.

Methods and systems are provided for infusing a crystalline and/or porous solid with a desired fluid, particularly an antimicrobial agent, as well as infused crystalline and/or porous solids produced thereby. Solids which may be infused with an antimicrobial agent according to the invention include erythritol, table salt, table sugar, baking soda, calcium carbonate, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, and marshmallow.

The disclosure provides a decolorization and purification method of BHET material, which includes the following steps. A first dose of activated carbon is added to preliminarily treat the BHET material. After the preliminary treatment, a first cooling crystallization process and filtration are performed to obtain BHET crystals. Afterwards, an oxidant is used to chemically react with the BHET crystals to destroy a dye or impurities, and then a second dose of activated carbon is added to adsorb a chemically reacted oxide. Next, a second cooling crystallization process, filtration, and drying are performed to obtain a finished product of BHET.

Disclosed is a method for the manufacture of a spray-dried powder consisting essentially of LNT and/or LNnT, the spray-dried powder, its use for the manufacture of nutritional compositions, and nutritional compositions containing the spray-dried powder.

A wastewater treatment equipment and a treatment method of a wastewater are provided. The wastewater treatment equipment includes: a microfiltration unit, configured to receive and filter a wastewater to obtain a solution; a membrane salt separation unit, configured to receive the solution and separate monovalent ions and multivalent ions from the solution to obtain a first solution including the monovalent ions and a second solution including the multivalent ions; a first evaporative crystallization unit, configured to crystallize the first solution to form a monovalent salt; and a second evaporative crystallization unit, configured to crystallize the second solution to form a mixed salt; the microfiltration unit is connected to the membrane salt separation unit, and the first evaporative crystallization unit and the second evaporative crystallization unit are both directly connected to the membrane salt separation unit, the wastewater treatment equipment can achieve the standard discharge of wastewater.

A hydrometallurgical method for simultaneously extracting zinc, lead, silver, iron and calcium from electric arc furnace dust (hazardous waste) produced by the steelmaking industry (steelworks), in the form of industrial products: zinc as zinc sulphate or zinc cathodes; lead and silver as a concentrate of lead and silver; iron as reduced elemental iron for return to the electric arc furnace; and, lastly, calcium as gypsum, without solid waste or liquid effluents being generated relates to the chemical nature of the electric arc furnace dust (complex oxides) changes to a sulfide complex, and eliminating the hazards associated with the generation of fugitive heavy-metal salts. In addition, the hydrometallurgical problem of low recovery of zinc and iron is solved. Consequently, hydrometallurgy is made easier and more environmentally friendly, as condensed water is used as a leachate, the condensed water being continuously regenerated by vacuum evaporation systems without generating effluents.

A system for generating a concentrated product from a feedstock includes a feedstock chamber to which the feedstock is provided, a heat exchanger assembly in thermal communication with the feedstock chamber, the heat exchanger assembly being configured to freeze the feedstock in the feedstock chamber, an output flow arrangement configured to carry liquid from the feedstock chamber as the feedstock thaws, the output flow arrangement comprising a flow controller, a sensor disposed along the output flow arrangement or the heat exchanger assembly, the sensor being configured to measure a characteristic of the liquid, the characteristic being indicative of a solute concentration level of the liquid or the heat exchanger assembly, and a processor responsive to the characteristic and configured to control the flow controller to, based on the solute concentration level, direct the liquid passing through the output flow arrangement to define a plurality of products at different concentration levels, the plurality of products comprising the concentrated product.

A method includes supplying a supersaturated brine stream having a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system. The gypsum removal system includes a gypsum reactor that may receive the supersaturated brine, may deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and may generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine. The method also includes supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor. The gypsum seed crystals may precipitate the gypsum from the supersaturated brine to generate the gypsum slurry. The method also includes directing a first portion of the gypsum slurry from the gypsum reactor to a gypsum settler. The gypsum settler may reactivate the anti-scalant such that the anti-scalant absorbs onto the precipitated gypsum to remove the anti-scalant from the desupersaturated brine and may generate anti-scalant-gypsum crystals and a desupersaturated overflow having at least a portion of the plurality of minerals. The method further includes generating the gypsum seed crystals supplied to the gypsum reactor using the anti-scalant-gypsum crystals.