A flow cap may include an outer ring, an inner ring, an inlet portion, and an outlet portion. The inlet portion may include first portions of the outer and inner rings, and a plurality of arms extending between the first portions of the outer and inner rings, wherein the arms at least partially define an inlet aperture configured to provide flow communication between an inlet port of a filter base and an interior portion of a filter element. The outlet portion may include second portions of the outer and inner rings, and a plate including an outlet aperture providing flow communication between an outlet port of the filter base and an exterior portion of the filter element. The outlet portion may also include a wall, wherein the plate and the wall prevent flow communication between fluid entering the inlet portion and fluid entering the outlet portion.

A mobile station and methods are disclosed for diagnosing and modeling site specific effluent treatment facility requirements to arrive at a treatment regimen and/or proposed commercial plant model idealized for the particular water/site requirements. The station includes a mobile platform having power intake, effluent intake and fluid outflow facilities and first and second suites of selectably actuatable effluent pre-treatment apparatus. An effluent polishing treatment array is housed at the station and includes at least one of nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and ion-exchange stages. A suite of selectively actuatable post-treatment apparatus is housed at the station. Controls are connected at the station for process control, monitoring and data accumulation. A plurality of improved water treatment technologies is also disclosed. The modeling methods include steps for analyzing raw effluent to be treated, providing a field of raw effluent condition entry values and a field of treated effluent condition goals entry values, and utilizing said fields to determine an initial treatment model including a selection of, and use parameters for, treatment technologies from the plurality of down-scaled treatment technologies at the facility, the model dynamically and continuously modifiable during treatment modeling.

The present invention comprises a closed loop system for the removal of contaminants from wastewater while evaporating the water by utilizing a continuously running evaporator in communication with a separation tank wherein water is returned to the evaporator and solids are left in the separation tank for disposal.

A filter assembly, a filter cartridge and method of filter fluid are provided. The filter assembly includes a filter base, a filter housing and a filter cartridge within the housing. The filter cartridge strips water from the dirty fluid flowing through the assembly. The filter cartridge defines a pair of fluid flow paths extending through a central cavity thereof. The fluid flow paths carry and keep separated a flow of cleaned fluid after it passes through filter media of the cartridge as well as the water that has been stripped from the dirty fluid flow.

A method of encoding video including: writing a plurality of predetermined buffer descriptions into a sequence parameter set of a coded video bitstream; writing a plurality of updating parameters into a slice header of the coded video bitstream for selecting and modifying one buffer description out of the plurality of buffer descriptions; and encoding a slice into the coded video bitstream using the slice header and the modified buffer description.

A filter element for filtering a fluid has a first filter medium arranged in annular shape and surrounding an interior. A second filter medium is provided, wherein the first filter medium and the second filter medium separate a clean side of the filter element from a raw side of the filter element. The first filter medium and the second filter medium are arranged such that a fluid to be filtered flows from the raw side of the filter element to the clean side of the filter element in parallel through the first filter medium and the second filter medium. The first filter medium is liquid-permeable and gas-impermeable and the second filter medium is liquid-impermeable and gas-permeable.

A fuel filter assembly includes a filter housing defining a cavity, a center stack having a base component and a top portion. The center stack is positioned within the cavity of the filter housing and attached to the housing, the center stack having an axial aperture in the top portion, the axial aperture having a circumferential surface, and a fuel filter. The fuel filter includes a filter base, an end cap having a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface, an axial extension that extends from the bottom surface, and at least one prong attached to the axial extension, the at least one prong having an axial surface facing away from the top surface that axially locates the fuel filter in the housing against the circumferential surface, a filter element attached to the bottom surface of the end cap, and a pin attached to a filter base.

An outflow portion that causes a space inside a filter element to communicate with a space outside a filter case includes an upper surface and a bottom surface that are provided so as to be separated from each other. The back pressure valve includes the valve body having the substantially plate-like shape and the elastic member provided between the bottom surface and the valve body. The valve body is movable between a closed position in which the valve body is in contact with the upper surface, and an open position in which the valve body is not in contact with the upper surface. A recessed portion is provided in a surface, of the valve body, that comes into contact with the upper surface, and an outflow port is formed in a side surface or the upper surface of the outflow portion.

A valve arrangement includes a valve shaft having a fluid flow bore, and valve gear projections or teeth projecting from the valve shaft, constructed and arranged to receive a force to rotate the valve shaft. The valve arrangement can be used in a filter assembly having cartridge projections such as gear teeth to mesh with the teeth on the valve gear.

A fuel water separator is provided. The fuel water separator includes a filter having a top end cap and a bottom end cap. A sensor is coupled to the top end cap of the filter. A probe is configured to be coupled to the sensor and to the bottom end cap. The probe is configured to be positioned outside the filter between the top end cap and the bottom end cap.