Provided are a system and a method of treating wastewater. The system includes a forward osmosis (FO) liquid concentration apparatus and an electrodialysis (ED) apparatus. The FO liquid concentration apparatus increases the concentration of the salt in the wastewater to between 7% and 14%. The ED apparatus is disposed downstream of the FO liquid concentration apparatus and coupled to the FO liquid concentration apparatus to receive the wastewater introduced by the FO liquid concentration apparatus, and make the salt in the wastewater into an acid solution and a basic solution.

A water purification system utilizes an ionomer membrane and mild vacuum to draw water from source water through the membrane. A water source may be salt water or a contaminated water source. The water drawn through the membrane passes across the condenser chamber to a condenser surface where it is condensed into purified water. The condenser surface may be metal or any other suitable surface and may be flat or pleated. In addition, the condenser surface may be maintained at a lower temperature than the water on the water source side of the membrane. The ionomer membrane may be configured in a cartridge, a pleated or flat plate configuration. A latent heat loop may be configured to carry the latent heat of vaporization from the condenser back to the water source side of the ionomer membrane. The source water may be heated by a solar water heater.

A water purification system utilizes an ionomer membrane and mild vacuum to draw water from source water through the membrane. A water source may be salt water or a contaminated water source. The water drawn through the membrane passes across the condenser chamber to a condenser surface where it is condensed into purified water. The condenser surface may be metal or any other suitable surface and may be flat or pleated. In addition, the condenser surface may be maintained at a lower temperature than the water on the water source side of the membrane. The ionomer membrane may be configured in a cartridge, a pleated or flat plate configuration. A latent heat loop may be configured to carry the latent heat of vaporization from the condenser back to the water source side of the ionomer membrane. The source water may be heated by a solar water heater.

The present invention relates to a thermo-responsive solution and in particular, a solution for use in an osmosis process that is suitable for separating or purifying solutes and or water from an aqueous solution on a large scale and under energy efficient conditions.

A fiber bundle contactor may include: a flow path defined by a conduit; a catalytic carbon fiber bundle disposed in the conduit; and an inlet allowing fluid flow into the flow path. A method may include: introducing into vessel a hydrocarbon comprising mercaptan sulfur, an aqueous caustic solution, and an oxidizer; reacting at least a portion of the mercaptan sulfur and the aqueous caustic solution to produce a mercaptide; and reacting the mercaptide and the oxidizer in the presence of a catalytic carbon fiber bundle to produce a disulfide oil.

Included are methods and systems for recycling a gas emitted from non-aqueous cleaning. An example method includes contacting a contaminated equipment with a non-aqueous cleaning material; wherein the spent non-aqueous cleaning material emits the gas. The method further comprises capturing the emitted gas, filtering the emitted gas, and recycling the emitted gas into the non-aqueous cleaning material.

An apparatus has a platinum group metal carrying resin column provided in a supply line of ultrapure water, and has a pH adjuster injection device and a redox potential adjuster injection device provided in a later stage thereof. The apparatus has a membrane-type deaeration apparatus and a gas dissolving membrane apparatus sequentially provided in a later stage of the devices, and a discharge line communicates with the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. A pH meter and an ORP meter are each provided at some midpoint in the discharge line, and the pH meter and the ORP meter are connected to a control device. Then, the control device controls the amount of adjusters to be injected from the pH adjuster injection device and the redox potential adjuster injection device, on the basis of the measurement results of the pH meter and the ORP meter.

An apparatus has a platinum group metal carrying resin column provided in a supply line of ultrapure water, and has a pH adjuster injection device and a redox potential adjuster injection device provided in a later stage thereof. The apparatus has a membrane-type deaeration apparatus and a gas dissolving membrane apparatus sequentially provided in a later stage of the devices, and a discharge line communicates with the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. A pH meter and an ORP meter are each provided at some midpoint in the discharge line, and the pH meter and the ORP meter are connected to a control device. Then, the control device controls the amount of adjusters to be injected from the pH adjuster injection device and the redox potential adjuster injection device, on the basis of the measurement results of the pH meter and the ORP meter.

Described herein are polysulfone-based and polyether sulfone-based thin-film nanocomposite (TFNC) membranes produced by solution blow spinning (SBS) technology for forward osmosis applications, including desalination and wastewater treatment. These TFNC membranes exhibit ultra-fast water flux, low reverse salt flux, and fouling resistance.

Devices and methods herein remove water from human or animal biological waste fluids using one or more forward osmosis filters. The devices allow for the volume of liquid or semi-liquid waste, including potentially infectious liquid waste, to be filtered to reduce potential exposure of healthcare staff to infectious liquid waste. On a hospital, healthcare staff, or individual patient basis, removing water and concentrating the waste can reduce challenges in management and disposal of the waste. Devices herein use forward osmosis to manage and filter, using one or more suitably sized filter(s), biological fluid exudate from wounds. The devices can be constructed to transport water present in the exudate away from a wound. The wound treatment devices herein not only allow for fluid from wounds to be filtered but also provide structures that can protect wounds from external contaminants, including bacteria and viruses. The wound treatment devices can be incorporated into negative pressure wound therapy systems, if desired.