A hybrid type filtration structure for filtering liquid includes a first active layer, a porous supporting layer and a permeable layer. The first active layer has a first nano pore inner wall of which a function group included compound is combined with. The porous supporting layer has a plurality of pores and is disposed under the first active layer. The permeable layer is disposed under the porous supporting layer. The porous supporting layer includes a plurality of lipid bilayers having membrane protein inside of the pore, a molecule of water selectively passes through the membrane protein. The first nano pore passes through the first active layer vertically. The first nano pore and the pore are connected with each other through which liquid flows.

A hybrid type filtration structure for filtering liquid includes a first active layer, a porous supporting layer and a permeable layer. The first active layer has a first nano pore inner wall of which a function group included compound is combined with. The porous supporting layer has a plurality of pores and is disposed under the first active layer. The permeable layer is disposed under the porous supporting layer. The porous supporting layer includes a plurality of lipid bilayers having membrane protein inside of the pore, a molecule of water selectively passes through the membrane protein. The first nano pore passes through the first active layer vertically. The first nano pore and the pore are connected with each other through which liquid flows.

A microporous polymeric composition including a matrix polymer having a fractional free volume of at least 0.1 and dispersed particles having a hypercrosslinked polymer.

A method for producing a microstructure is disclosed. A master is provided having a pattern formed of conductive material embedded in a non-conducting substrate. The master has a master surface having a conducting portion defined by the pattern and a non-conducting portion defined by the non-conducting substrate. A surface treatment is applied to the master surface to alter the adhesion properties of at least one of the conducting portion or the non-conducting portion. The microstructure is formed by deposition or plating of a functionalising material onto the master surface, and the microstructure is then separated from the master. The master can be reused.

A method for producing a microstructure is disclosed. A master is provided having a pattern formed of conductive material embedded in a non-conducting substrate. The master has a master surface having a conducting portion defined by the pattern and a non-conducting portion defined by the non-conducting substrate. A surface treatment is applied to the master surface to alter the adhesion properties of at least one of the conducting portion or the non-conducting portion. The microstructure is formed by deposition or plating of a functionalising material onto the master surface, and the microstructure is then separated from the master. The master can be reused.

Embodiments include a method of making a metal organic framework membrane comprising contacting a substrate with a solution including a metal ion and contacting the substrate with a solution including an organic ligand, sufficient to form one or more layers of a metal organic framework on a substrate. Embodiments further include a defect-free metal organic framework membrane comprising MSiF.sub.6(pyz).sub.2, wherein M is a metal, wherein the thickness of the membrane is less than 1,000 m, and wherein the metal organic framework has a growth orientation along the [110] plane relative to a substrate.

Embodiments include a method of making a metal organic framework membrane comprising contacting a substrate with a solution including a metal ion and contacting the substrate with a solution including an organic ligand, sufficient to form one or more layers of a metal organic framework on a substrate. Embodiments further include a defect-free metal organic framework membrane comprising MSiF.sub.6(pyz).sub.2, wherein M is a metal, wherein the thickness of the membrane is less than 1,000 m, and wherein the metal organic framework has a growth orientation along the [110] plane relative to a substrate.

A ceramic membrane filtration assembly includes a housing and a membrane assembly. The membrane assembly includes at least one membrane with channels therein. A first inner end cap device is disposed within the housing and is coupled with the membrane assembly. The housing has a bypass near an outer perimeter of the first inner end cap device, the first inner end cap device has an inner port, the inner port fluidly coupled with the channels of the membrane, where the bypass includes a space between the housing and the first inner end cap device. A first outer end cap device is coupled with the first inner end cap device; the first outer end cap device has a first port and a second port, where the first port is fluidly separate from the second port, and the first port is fluidly coupled with the inner port.

The present disclosure provides a method for predicting a lattice defect in a metal-organic framework (MOF) membrane. The method comprises acquiring a number n of a ligand during preparation of the MOF membrane, and acquiring a theoretical number m of connections formed between a core secondary building unit and a surrounding secondary building unit; setting a number of collisions of the ligand with the core secondary building unit and the surrounding secondary building unit; and calculating an expected value of a number of connections formed on lattices based on a collision probability, wherein the number of collisions is 1 or 2.

Embodiments include a method of making a metal-organic framework membrane comprising contacting a substrate with a solution including a metal ion and contacting the substrate with a solution including an organic ligand, sufficient to form one or more layers of a metal-organic framework on a substrate. Embodiments further include a defect-free metal-organic framework membrane comprising MSiF.sub.6(pyz).sub.2, wherein M is a metal, wherein the thickness of the membrane is less than 1,000 m, and wherein the metal-organic framework has a growth orientation along the [110] plane relative to a substrate.