A process for producing bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide includes providing a solution comprising fluorosulfonic acid and urea, the solution maintained at a solution temperature from about 0° C. to about 70° C.; reacting the solution in the presence of a reaction medium at a reaction temperature from 80° C. to about 170° C. to produce a product stream including bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide, ammonium fluorosulfate and the reaction medium; separating the ammonium fluorosulfate from the product stream to produce an intermediate product stream; and separating the intermediate product stream into a concentrated product stream and a first recycle stream, the concentrated product stream including a higher concentration of bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide than the first recycle stream.

A phenylene ether oligomer composition is disclosed comprising, a phenylene ether oligomer having an external amine content of less than or equal to 1.5 weight percent; and a residual solvent in an amount of 10 to 10000 parts per million by weight, based on the weight of the phenylene ether oligomer composition; wherein the phenylene ether oligomer composition has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.03 to 0.13 deciliter per gram; a glass transition temperature of 135 to 175 C., or a combination thereof

The present patent application relates to a compact device with a modular design, and to a method for extracting volatile oils and herbal distillates contained in organic matter, using the extraction technique of steam distillation. The device is formed by a lower cylindrical module on top of which an upper hemispherical module may be disposed, and both modules may be secured to form a single hermetic body. The lower module may contain a hot-water boiler, a heat conducting disc, a steam-heating chamber, a still of raw material, and a valve for regulating the steam flow. The upper module may contain a conical steam condenser, a hemispherical cover, a ring for collecting distilled liquid, and a tube for removing the distilled liquid. The distillation method of internal steam distillation may integrate, in a single physical body, a semi-closed steam flow circuit that may include all the functions of distillation.

A method for isolating a phenylene ether oligomer composition includes feeding a solution including a solvent and a phenylene ether oligomer into a thin film evaporator, forming a film on an interior surface of the thin film evaporator, and heating to devolatilize the solvent from the film, to provide a phenylene ether oligomer composition. The thin film evaporator includes cylindrical heating chamber and a rotor having one or more rotor blades, wherein an edge of the one or more rotor blades and the interior surface of the cylindrical heating chamber are separated by a distance of 0.5 to 3.5 millimeters. Phenylene ether oligomer compositions are also described.

A process for removing volatile diluent(s) from processed solids, generated from unstabilized drilling waste being washed in a diluent/solvent wash process. The process describes the use of hot water to deliver quality heat energy to the processed solids phase, evaporating the diluent and at least partially removing chlorides or other soluble or insoluble contaminants in the process, resulting in enhanced efficiency of diluent and contaminant recovery, for example, as a result of the near infinite surface area of water, among other things.

A new approach for desalination and purification of sea water using refrigeration units is suggested which seems promising to provide high quantities of drinkable water with reasonable cost. The apparatus uses compression refrigeration system to provide heat at the condenser to partially evaporate the intake sea water and uses evaporator at the other side to condense the produced water vapor back to clean drinkable water. A heat recovery heat exchanger captures the heat left in the returning sea water and delivers it to the fresh intake sea water to improve the efficiency and performance. The system can be designed using different refrigerants with some providing higher efficiencies and coefficients of performance. A typical desalination system using this approach shows in theory a production of about 3.6 trillion gallons of potable/drinkable water per year with only about 100 MW electric power installed. Equivalent electrical energy (kWh/m.sup.3) consumed by different methods has been reported about 13.5-25.5 kWh/m.sup.3 for Multi-stage Flash MSF, about 6.5-11 kWh/m.sup.3 for Multi-Effect Distillation MED, about 7-12 kWh/m.sup.3 for Mechanical Vapor Compression MVC, and about 3-5.5 kWh/m.sup.3 for Reverse Osmosis (RO). The suggested method here would take much less and only a fraction of kWh in theory to produce one cubic meter of potable/drinkable water.

Refrigeration unit can be designed to work under different pressures, different temperatures, different refrigerant flows, different capacities, and different powers. This purification system/apparatus can be utilized to purify sea/ocean water as well as any other type of water with dissolved and/or undissolved impurities. This purification system/apparatus can be designed to include optional processes, equipment and parts.

A high efficient desulfurization-regeneration system using a suspension bed, including a suspension bed reactor, a gas liquid separation tank, a flash evaporation tank and an oxidation regeneration tank that are connected in sequence, and a fixed bed reactor connected to the exhaust port of the gas liquid separation tank. The system reduces the sulfur content in a hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm.sup.3 to 50 ppm or less, and further reduces the sulfur content to less than 10 ppm in conjunction with a fixed bed. High efficient desulfurization is achieved by combining the crude desulfurization of the suspension bed with fine desulfurization of the fixed bed connected in series. The spent desulfurizer can be regenerated by reacting an oxygen-containing gas with the rich solution, and the barren solution obtained by the regeneration may be recycled for use as desulfurization slurry, without generating secondary pollution.

The present patent application relates to a compact device with a modular design, and to a method for extracting volatile oils and herbal distillates contained in organic matter, using the extraction technique of steam distillation. The device is formed by a lower cylindrical module on top of which an upper hemispherical module or lid may be disposed, and both modules may be secured to form a single hermetic body. The lower module may contain a hot-water boiler, a heat conducting disc, a steam-heating chamber, an oven of raw material, and a valve for regulating the steam flow. The upper module may contain a conical steam condenser, a ring for collecting distilled liquid, and a tube for removing the distilled liquid. The distillation method of internal distillation may integrate, in a single physical body, a semi-closed steam flow circuit that may include all the functions of distillation.

What is described relates to cross-flow packing heat and mass transfer column vessels, where rectifying separation of liquid-vapor mixtures, distillation of liquid-vapor mixtures, and absorptive separation of liquid-vapor mixtures occur, and may be used in oil-refining, petrochemical, chemical, gas, food, and other industries. The proposed mass transfer column with cross flow of liquid and gas (vapor) phases includes shell, feed nozzle, distillate and residue withdrawal nozzles, nozzles of injection and withdrawal of auxiliary flows, cross-flow packing sections separated heightwise by horizontal baffles having, successively, in direction of gas (vapor) phase, in normal shell cross section, a window for gas (vapor) flowing on packing section inlet side and continuous area on packing section outlet side, which alternate on horizontal baffles neighboring by height, with liquid distributors between packing adjacent sections and above packing upper section, which consist of three successively mating parts: horizontal leaf, set of steps, and blind pocket.

A reaction apparatus for producing polyethylene glycol dinitrate (PEGDN) in a continuous manner includes a series of reaction cells spatially disposed in one or more planar structures and a separation arrangement for separating PEGDN and Ammonium Nitrate, in a continuous manner. The separation arrangement is a thin film evaporator and/or falling film evaporator. The plurality of reaction cells includes a feed preparation section having feedstreams for continuously providing an acid composition and a glycol composition to reaction cells. The plurality of reaction cells further includes a nitration section, where the acid composition and the glycol composition react to generate a reaction composition, and a quench and neutralization section, having feed for cooling arrangement and a plurality of feeds for providing an alkaline composition to at least partially neutralize reaction composition. The acid composition includes a mixture of dilute nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid.