The object of the present invention is to provide an emulsion composition that maintains emulsion stability even after high temperature process such as sterilization (heat resistance), shows a small change in particle size distribution between before and after heating, and maintains emulsion stability even under conditions where transformation of an oil phase component (for example, solidification or crystallization of the oil phase component due to temperature drop, or melting of the oil phase component due to temperature rise) occurs (temperature drop resistance), wherein the composition is easily handled during the production process. The object is solved by an oil-in-water emulsion composition containing solid particles, a predefined surfactant, an oil phase component, and an aqueous phase component, wherein the oil phase component includes a predefined oil component and the solid particles are distributed along the interface between the oil phase component and the aqueous phase component.

To provide methods for producing a wet gel and a xerogel, in which variation in gel thickness is little even without highly controlling the levelness of the mold and the gels are less likely to break at the time of gelation or demolding. The method for producing a wet gel comprises, in such a state that a second liquid layer 14 made of a second liquid containing a gel raw material, is present on a first liquid layer 12 made of a first liquid, letting the second liquid layer 14 be gelled. The method for producing a xerogel comprises drying the wet gel thereby produced or a solvent-substituted gel obtainable by subjecting said wet gel to solvent substitution.

A new type of biomaterial that can be generated from pollen, methods for its production, the various uses thereof in, for example, biological, medicinal, cosmetic, nutritional and printing applications and the materials/devices that comprise this new material are provided. The biomaterial comprises microgels of sporoderm polymer complex microcapsules (SPC-MCs), produced by deproteinizing the pollen from eudicot plants, in particular of genus Baccharis, Helianthus or Camellia, by contacting it with an aqueous base solution at elevated temperatures for up to 10 hours to obtain porous SPC-MCs, and hydrolytically degrading the SPC-MCs by contacting it with an aqueous base solution for periods up to 60 days to obtain microgels of SPC-MCs.

Embodiments of the present invention provide users with a system and method for manufacturing water-based hydrophobic aerogels and aerogel composites. The system and method can be carried out in a manner which is more rapid than typical ways and can be readily scalable. The method of manufacture is useful for producing water based hydrophobic aerogels and aerogel composites on a large scale with good homogeneity and consistency. Advantageously, the method of manufacture also has the benefit of a shorter processing time due to the vacuum homogenizing and mixing processes, the use of microwave assisted vacuum freeze drying for ease of synthesis of water-based hydrophobic aerogels.

This invention relates to gels encapsulating organometallic reagents, particularly organolithium reagents. The invention also relates to methods of making said gels and methods of using said gels. The gels are particularly useful in organic synthesis being easier to handle than the organometallic reagent solutions typically used.

The present disclosure provides methods for forming sol-gels, sol-gel films and substrates, such as vehicle components, having a sol-gel film disposed thereon. At least one method of forming a sol-gel includes mixing a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent to form a first mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the first mixture. The method includes mixing an organosilane with the first mixture to form a second mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the second mixture.

Manufacturing a low-K dielectric organic/inorganic aerogel composite material and its application are provided. The manufacturing method comprises: (1) mixing; (2) hydrolysis; (3) condensation; (4) aging; (5) drying; (6) impregnating polymer solution; (7) phase separation and drying; and (8) cross-linking and curing. The manufacturing method can produce a low-K dielectric organic/inorganic aerogel composite material having a high strength. The low-K dielectric aerogel is in a porous structure, and its porosity is higher than 70% and its density is from 0.12 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.45 g/cm.sup.3. The dielectric property of the low-K dielectric aerogel decreases along with an increase of its porosity, wherein a dielectric constant thereof is from 1.28 to 1.89, and a dielectric loss thereof is from 0.052 to 0.023. The low-k dielectric aerogel can be used for a dielectric layer in a high-frequency circuit, an insulation layer in a semiconductor device or a microwave circuit in a communication integrated circuit.

A cerium-zirconium based mixed oxide composition have: (a) a Ce:Zr molar ratio of 1 or less, and (b) a cerium oxide content of 10-50% by weight. The composition has (i) a surface area of at least 18 m.sup.2/g, and a total pore volume as measured by N.sub.2 physisorption of at least 0.11 cm.sup.3/g, after ageing at 1100° C. in an air atmosphere for 6 hours, (ii) a surface area of at least 42 m.sup.2/g, and a total pore volume as measured by N.sub.2 physisorption of at least 0.31 cm.sup.3/g, after ageing at 1000° C. in an air atmosphere for 4 hours, and (iii) Dynamic Oxygen Storage Capacity (D-OSC) value as measured by H.sub.2-TIR of greater than 500 μmol/g at 600° C. after aging at 800° C. in an air atmosphere for 2 hours. A process contacts the exhaust gas with the composition Another process is for preparing the composition.

Devices and methods for the high-pressure treatment of bulk material by extraction and/or impregnation. The bulk material is arranged in the interior volume of a pressure vessel device and is treated at a high pressure while sealed off from the surroundings. The high-pressure treatment is performed batchwise in a closed system in the pressure vessel device in a pressure-tight fashion. The bulk material is fed batchwise to the interior volume with the pressure vessel device closed and being arranged on at least one treatment level and, after the high-pressure treatment has occurred, being discharged batchwise from the interior volume with the pressure vessel device closed. The invention furthermore relates to the use of a supporting tray module with at least one treatment level for the high-pressure treatment in a closed system.

A porous polymer aerogel, wherein the aerogel has greater than 5 wt % of amine containing vinyl monomers integrated into a polymer backbone. A method of fabrication of a porous polymer aerogel amine material, includes preparing a solution comprising at least a solvent, amine monomers having protected amino groups, one or more crosslinkers, one or more radical initiators, and a nitroxide mediator, removing oxygen from the solution, heating the solution to promote polymerization and to produce a polymerized material, performing solvent exchange with the polymerized material, causing a deprotection reaction in the polymerized material to remove groups protecting the amino groups, soaking and rinsing the material to remove excess reagents and any byproducts of the deprotection reaction, and drying the material to produce the amine sorbent. A system to separate CO2 from other gases, comprising a polymer porous aerogel sorbent having greater than 5 wt % of amine containing vinyl monomers integrated into a polymer backbone.