Examples are disclosed that relate to method for producing nanoparticles using a shear-flow reactor. One disclosed example provides a method for producing nanoparticles with ligands bound to the surface of the nanoparticles, which comprises a step of mixing and processing a first solution and a second solution in a shear-flow reactor, and the first solution contains a first solvent in which nanoparticles having a initial ligand bound to the surface of the nanoparticles are dissolved, the second solution contains a second solvent in which the second ligand dissolved, a ligand exchange reaction is carried out in the shear-flow reactor to form a solution of the nanoparticles in which the second ligand is bound to the surface of the nanoparticles.

Examples are disclosed that relate to method for producing nanoparticles using a shear-flow reactor. One disclosed example provides a method for producing nanoparticles with ligands bound to the surface of the nanoparticles, which comprises a step of mixing and processing a first solution and a second solution in a shear-flow reactor, and the first solution contains a first solvent in which nanoparticles having a initial ligand bound to the surface of the nanoparticles are dissolved, the second solution contains a second solvent in which the second ligand dissolved, a ligand exchange reaction is carried out in the shear-flow reactor to form a solution of the nanoparticles in which the second ligand is bound to the surface of the nanoparticles.

The disclosure provides a short-process separation system for separating ionic liquid from alkylation reaction effluent, comprising an alkylation reactor, an ionic liquid storage tank, a primary coalescence separator, a secondary coalescence separator, a flash tank, a low-temperature fine coalescence separator and a fractionating tower that are linked in order. The inlet of the ionic liquid storage tank communicates with the bottom flow ports of the primary coalescence separator, the secondary coalescence separator and the low-temperature fine coalescence separator through delivery lines, and the outlet of the ionic liquid storage tank communicates with the return port of the alkylation reactor through a delivery pump. The alkylated oil collected from this system has a high degree of cleanliness, and can be used directly as a component for formulating clean gasoline. The ionic liquid catalyst collected therefrom may be directly returned to the alkylation reactor for cycle use.

The disclosure provides a short-process separation system for separating ionic liquid from alkylation reaction effluent, comprising an alkylation reactor, an ionic liquid storage tank, a primary coalescence separator, a secondary coalescence separator, a flash tank, a low-temperature fine coalescence separator and a fractionating tower that are linked in order. The inlet of the ionic liquid storage tank communicates with the bottom flow ports of the primary coalescence separator, the secondary coalescence separator and the low-temperature fine coalescence separator through delivery lines, and the outlet of the ionic liquid storage tank communicates with the return port of the alkylation reactor through a delivery pump. The alkylated oil collected from this system has a high degree of cleanliness, and can be used directly as a component for formulating clean gasoline. The ionic liquid catalyst collected therefrom may be directly returned to the alkylation reactor for cycle use.

This disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for the delivery of a multi-component olefin polymerization catalyst to a polymerization reactor. The apparatus includes: a first catalyst component delivery conduit; a second catalyst component delivery conduit which is disposed within the first catalyst component delivery conduit; a first catalyst component mixing conduit; a third catalyst component delivery conduit which is disposed within the first catalyst component mixing conduit; a second catalyst component mixing conduit comprising an upstream section and a downstream section, the downstream section terminating within the polymerization reactor; and a diluent delivery conduit; the first and second catalyst component delivery conduits each being open-ended and co-terminating at the first catalyst component mixing conduit; the first catalyst component mixing conduit and the third catalyst component delivery conduit each being open-ended and co-terminating at the upstream section of the second catalyst component mixing conduit; and the diluent delivery conduit terminating at the downstream section of the second catalyst component mixing conduit.

This disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for the delivery of a multi-component olefin polymerization catalyst to a polymerization reactor. The apparatus includes: a first catalyst component delivery conduit; a second catalyst component delivery conduit which is disposed within the first catalyst component delivery conduit; a first catalyst component mixing conduit; a third catalyst component delivery conduit which is disposed within the first catalyst component mixing conduit; a second catalyst component mixing conduit comprising an upstream section and a downstream section, the downstream section terminating within the polymerization reactor; and a diluent delivery conduit; the first and second catalyst component delivery conduits each being open-ended and co-terminating at the first catalyst component mixing conduit; the first catalyst component mixing conduit and the third catalyst component delivery conduit each being open-ended and co-terminating at the upstream section of the second catalyst component mixing conduit; and the diluent delivery conduit terminating at the downstream section of the second catalyst component mixing conduit.

A method for producing a carotenoid enriched fatty acid composition includes: reacting an oil including free fatty acids and carotenoids with a basic solution; withdrawing, separately from the oil, an extraction solution including at least a portion of the free fatty acids, at least a portion of the carotenoids, and the basic solution; acidifying the extraction solution to produce an aqueous phase and a fatty acid phase, the fatty acid phase including the free fatty acids and the carotenoids of the extraction solution; and separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous phase.

Systems and methods for producing potassium sulfate. Such a method involves providing an industrial waste material that includes at least one metal sulfate or a metal product that has been reacted with sulfuric acid to produce metal sulfates, and then reacting the metal sulfate with potassium carbonate to produce a byproduct that contains potassium sulfate.

Systems and methods for producing potassium sulfate. Such a method involves providing an industrial waste material that includes at least one metal sulfate or a metal product that has been reacted with sulfuric acid to produce metal sulfates, and then reacting the metal sulfate with potassium carbonate to produce a byproduct that contains potassium sulfate.

An assembly comprises a first liquid guide having an inlet, an outlet, and a liquid-conducting layer comprising a first material. The liquid-conducting layer extends between the inlet and the outlet. A second liquid guide has an inlet, an outlet, and a liquid-conducting layer comprising a second material. The liquid-conducting layer extends between the inlet and the outlet. At least a portion of the liquid-conducting layer of the second liquid guide overlaps the liquid-conducting layer of the first liquid guide such that, when a first liquid flows along the liquid-conducting layer of the first liquid guide and a second liquid flows along the liquid-conducting layer of the second liquid guide, the second liquid contacts the first liquid along the portion of the liquid-conducting layer of the second liquid guide that overlaps the liquid-conducting layer of the first liquid guide.