A method for chemically destroying magnetic data carriers. Recorded data are irretrievably eliminated and cannot be re-read. The carriers include aluminium or its alloys and ferromagnetic materials. They undergo a digestion reaction with an aqueous solution of a digesting mixture including: a) hydrochloric acid and (V)nitrate of one or more alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals and ammonium; or b) nitric(V) acid and chloride of one or more alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals and ammonium. The product of the reaction is an aqueous solution having aluminium hydroxide and chlorides and (V)nitrates of metals contained in the ferromagnetic metals and gaseous products of the reaction. Acidic salt solutions are utilized in a sewage treatment plant. Gaseous products including hydrogen and nitrogen oxides, after diluting with nitrogen, are directed to the atmosphere through an absorption system.

An energy conversion system includes a reactor vessel, a jacket disposed within the reactor vessel, the jacket having a wall that defines a chamber, a first end, and a second end opposite the first end, and a nozzle coupled to the reactor and arranged to direct a continuous flow of fuel at a flow rate into the chamber. The fuel including a mixture of a metal compound and water at a pressure that is greater than 221 bar. A cooling space is formed between the jacket and the reactor vessel and is operable to maintain a temperature of the fuel within the chamber between 374 and 800 degrees Celsius. A first gas outlet is in fluid communication with the chamber and is arranged to discharge a gas, and an outlet is in fluid communication with the chamber and is arranged to continuously discharge a reaction product and water.

A reactor includes a plurality of reaction side flow passages through which a reaction fluid flows, a catalyst (catalyst structure) disposed inside the reaction side flow passages to accelerate the reaction of the reaction fluid, a plurality of heat medium side flow passages which are alternately stacked with the reaction side flow passages, and through which a heat medium flows, and a suppression flow passage which is disposed adjacent to a surface of the reaction side flow passage, the heat medium side flow passages being not stacked on the surface, and through which flows a suppression fluid suppressing the heat dissipation to the outside from the reaction fluid flowing through the reaction side flow passage, or the heat transfer from the outside to the reaction fluid.

Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for isomerization of paraffins are provided. In one example, a method comprises the steps of separating an isomerization effluent into a product stream that comprises branched paraffins and a stabilizer overhead vapor stream that comprises HCl, H.sub.2, and C.sub.6-hydrocarbons. C.sub.6-hydrocarbons are removed from at least a portion of the stabilizer overhead vapor stream to form a HCl and H.sub.2-rich stream. An isomerization catalyst is activated using at least a portion of the HCl and H.sub.2-rich stream to form a chloride-promoted isomerization catalyst. A paraffin feed stream is contacted with the chloride-promoted isomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen for isomerization of the paraffins.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to a method for deposition of a biofunctionalizing material, such as for the production of a biomedical device. The method can include positioning a substrate on a substrate support, the substrate having a plurality of wells formed therein. A printing mask is positioned over the substrate, the printing mask having a plurality of mask openings, the plurality of mask openings corresponding to the plurality of wells. A biofunctionalizing material is then deposited through the printing mask and into the wells, the biofunctionalizing material being guided by the plurality of mask openings, the biofunctionalizing material forming a layer over a bottom surface of the plurality of wells.

A system for extracting hydrogen gas from a liquid hydrogen carrier may include a hydrogen gas reactor, a catalyst for facilitating extraction of the hydrogen gas from the liquid hydrogen carrier, and a reservoir for containing the liquid hydrogen carrier and a spend liquid hydrogen carrier. The system may be configured to regulate a flow of liquid hydrogen carrier in and out of the hydrogen gas reactor, to move a catalyst relative to a volume of the liquid hydrogen carrier, and to provide a continuous flow of the hydrogen gas, in response to a demand for the hydrogen gas.

Liquid silicate products derived from processed organic plant matter (112), such as rice hulls, have improved purity and properties for use in the production of higher purity amorphous silica compositions (180). The liquid silicate can be optically clear, can have a controlled ratio of silica to metal earth oxide components, and can have lower concentrations of undesirable contaminants such as aluminum, chloride, iron, sulfate, and titanium.

Liquid silicate products derived from processed organic plant matter (112), such as rice hulls, have improved purity and properties for use in the production of higher purity amorphous silica compositions (180). The liquid silicate can be optically clear, can have a controlled ratio of silica to metal earth oxide components, and can have lower concentrations of undesirable contaminants such as aluminum, chloride, iron, sulfate, and titanium.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a thermally inhibited starch, the method comprising providing a volume of dehydrated starch having a pH value between 7.0 and 11 and having a moisture content of <2 wt. %, based on the weight of the starch, in a stirred batch reactor, said reactor being comprised with a gas inlet, and applying a flow of gas through the volume of dehydrated starch in the reactor while heating and stirring the starch to a temperature of at least 140 C. for a period of time sufficient to thermally inhibit the starch. In addition, the invention relates to a device for thermally inhibiting starch and use of a flow of gas in a stirred batch reactor during thermal inhibition of starch.

The invention relates to a process for the acylation of a solid material, known as the hydroxylated material, bearing hydroxyl groups (OH), known as reaction-generating hydroxyls, which are accessible and capable of reacting with at least one fatty acid chloride in gaseous form, said hydroxylated material being scrolled through a chamber, known as the acylation chamber, delimiting an internal space under a gaseous atmosphere. The invention also relates to an acylation device for performing said process.