The present invention generally relates to droplet libraries and to systems and methods for the formation of libraries of droplets. The present invention also relates to methods utilizing these droplet libraries in various biological, chemical, or diagnostic assays.

A carbon dioxide reduction system 1 comprises a transport path 4 that transports carbon dioxide and a reduction apparatus 5 that reduces heated carbon dioxide introduced through the transport path 4, wherein the carbon dioxide is heated in the transport path 4 by at least one of recycled energy and exhaust heat.

The present invention generally relates to a system for preparing reduced graphene-cobalt chromate composite for humidity sensor applications comprises a first glass beaker for pouring 3-7 grams of sucrose; a preheated muffle furnace for heating the first glass beaker containing sucrose for 5-15 minutes at 450-500° C. in an oxygen environment and obtaining the black foam of rGO after hydrating the sugar; a second glass beaker for mixing 3-7 grams rGO, 3-7 grams carbamide, 3-7 grams cobaltous, and 3-7 grams chromium nitrate and dissolving with double-distilled water; and a magnetic stirrer for stirring the mixed solution for 450 minutes to generate a homogenous solution and burning the uniform mixture at 425° C. in the preheated muffle furnace for 20 minutes to obtain graphene-cobalt chromate composite.

A fuel synthesis device includes: a supplier to supply CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses; a fuel synthesis catalyst to chemically react the CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses to synthesize fuel; a gas-liquid separator to liquefy the fuel into liquid and separate the liquid from a gas containing unreacted CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses, and CH.sub.4 gas as a side product; a return path to return the separated gas to a point between the supplier and the fuel synthesis catalyst; a bypass path to bypass, and merge downstream of, the return path, and to include a CH.sub.4 separator to separate the CH.sub.4 and a CH.sub.4 oxidation catalyst to oxidize the CH.sub.4; and a switching valve to selectively switch between communication with the return path and communication with the bypass path, wherein whether the switching valve communicates with the return path or bypass path is controlled based on the density of CH.sub.4.

Methods and devices are provided herein for surfaces for de novo nucleic acid synthesis which provide for low error rates. In addition, methods and devices are provided herein for increased nucleic acid mass yield resulting from de novo nucleic acid synthesis.

A method and apparatus for monitoring and evaluation of a production of a functional material, wherein an assessment of steps taken by users based on a data basis results in reporting to the user of the extent to which predetermined properties of a functional material produced are attained in the event of variances in the steps taken.

A recirculating micro-combustor device and a method of formation includes an array of reactors contacting each other. Each reactor includes a front wall; an end wall oppositely positioned to the front wall; a pair of edge walls connecting the front wall to the end wall; an inlet port positioned in the front wall; a pair of outlet ports positioned in the front wall; and a combustion chamber connected to the inlet port and positioned between the front wall and the end wall. The combustion chamber includes a pair of inner walls defining a first area to accommodate a chemical combustion therein, and a pair of second areas to accommodate an exhaust of a reaction of the chemical combustion. The pair of second areas connect to the pair of outlet ports. Adjacent edge walls of adjacent reactors directly contact each other to form the array of reactors.

Methods of heating a reactor system by providing electrical energy are described. A reactor system comprising at least one reactor tube having a catalyst disposed therein and comprises at least one electrically conductive surface is heated by providing electrical energy to the at least one electrically conductive surface on the reactor tube and adjusting a current level of the electrical energy provided to the at least one electrically conductive surface to control the temperature of the reactor tube and the catalyst disposed therein. The reactor tube may be electrically isolated from other electrically conductive components of the reactor system.

De novo synthesized large libraries of nucleic acids are provided herein with low error rates. Further, devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as oligonucleotides, are described herein. Longer nucleic acids can be synthesized in parallel using microfluidic assemblies. Further, methods herein allow for the fast construction of large libraries of long, high-quality genes. Devices for the manufacturing of large libraries of long and high-quality nucleic acids are further described herein.

Disclosed herein are systems, methods and devices for the continuous production and processing of compounds, including biopharmaceutical compounds. The system and devices are operated in an automated manner and capable of operation under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant conditions.