An apparatus and a method are used for investigating the naphtha reforming process in catalyst test devices with reactors arranged in parallel. The apparatus has a plurality of reactors arranged in parallel with reaction chambers (R1, R2, . . . ), a product fluid supply, a process control, and at least one analysis unit. Each individual reactor has an outlet line for the product fluid stream, wherein the analysis unit is operatively connected to each outlet line for the product fluid stream and the apparatus is functionally connected to the control of the apparatus. In carrying out the method, naphtha-containing reactant fluid streams are brought into contact with catalysts in the individual reactors and the product fluid streams are subsequently supplied to the online analysis unit from the respective outlet lines of the individual reactors and analyzed. Using the evaluation of the online analytical characterization data, the process parameters of the respective reactor unit are adapted. The process steps of analytical characterization, evaluation, and adaptation of process parameters are repeated for the duration of the investigation.

A catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system and a method for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst by correcting for non-catalytic effects with the catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system. The dual reactor system contains a first reactor comprising a first catalyst on a first catalyst support, and a second reactor comprising a second catalyst support, wherein the particle size and amount of the first catalyst and the second catalyst support are substantially the same, and the effect of the catalyst is isolated by correcting the result obtained from the first reactor containing the catalyst with the result obtained from the second reactor containing the catalyst support.

Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point.

An energy carrier system is provided that produces ammonia with high efficiency and that further produces hydrogen as final product and uses the hydrogen as energy. An energy storage transportation method is further provided that is carried out by using energy carrier system. The energy carrier system includes nitric acid production device, an ammonia production device, and hydrogen production device. The nitric acid production device includes a photo-reactor, a gas supply unit that supplies photo-reactor with gas to be treated containing a nitrogen oxide, water, and oxygen, and light source disposed in the photo-reactor. The light source radiates light including ultraviolet of a wavelength shorter than 175 nm. The energy storage transportation method includes nitric acid production step of producing nitric acid from a nitrogen oxide, ammonia production step of producing ammonia through reduction of nitric acid, and hydrogen production step of producing hydrogen through decomposition of the ammonia.

A method for preparing (dimethylaminomethylene) malononitrile by using a micro reaction system. Cyanoacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide and a catalyst are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the mixture and phosphorus oxychloride are simultaneously pumped into the micro reaction system that includes a micromixer and a microchannel reactor connected in series for continuous dehydration condensation. After adjusted to a target pH, the crude product is subjected to continuous liquid-liquid extraction with an organic solvent in a centrifugal extraction unit comprising a plurality of annular centrifugal extractors connected in series. The organic phase is collected to obtain the target product (dimethyl aminomethylene) malononitrile.

A reactor assembly is provided for heating plastic material. The reactor assembly includes: a reactor vessel including a central axis; and an agitator mounted within the reactor vessel. The agitator includes: one or more blade(s) distal from the central axis for mixing contents of the reactor vessel in use; and one or more wearing parts mounted to the blade(s) to extend from the blade(s).

A reductant insertion system for an after treatment system configured to decompose constituents of an exhaust gas, includes: a dry reductant tank configured to contain a dry reductant; a reductant delivery line configured to operatively couple the dry reductant tank to the after treatment system for delivery of the dry reductant to the after treatment system; and a pressurized gas source configured to communicate the dry reductant to the after treatment system through the reductant delivery line using pressurized gas.

The efficiency of polymer synthesis is increased by reducing the number of monomer addition cycles needed to create a set of polymer strands. The number of cycles depends on the sequences of the polymer strands and the order in which each type of monomer is made available for addition to the growing strands. Efficiencies are created by grouping the polymer strands into batches such that all the strands in a batch require a similar number of cycles to synthesize. Efficiencies are also created by selecting an order in which the monomers are made available for addition to the growing polymer strands in a batch. Both techniques can be used together. With these techniques, the number of cycles of monomer addition and commensurate reagent use may be reduced by over 10% as compared to naïve synthesis techniques.

A method of determining multimodal polyethylene quality comprising the steps of (a) providing a multimodal polyethylene resin sample; (b) determining, in any sequence, the following: that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a melt index within 30% of a target melt index; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a density within 2.5% of a target density; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a dynamic viscosity deviation (% MVD) from a target dynamic viscosity of less than about 100%; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) deviation (% M.sub.wD) from a target M.sub.w of less than about 20%; and that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) curve profile deviation (% GPCD) from a target GPC curve profile of less than about 15%; and (c) responsive to step (b), designating the multimodal polyethylene resin sample as a high quality resin.

A system for pressurising parallel batch reactors, and a process for using such to pressurize batch reactors to a pressure of between 20 and 150 barg. The reactors are closed by a removable reactor closure system for covering the mouth of such reactor, wherein the closure system comprises an elastomeric septum and a rigid member with a small hole covering the septum. The septum may be pierced with a specific hollow needle, e.g. to force pressurized gas in the reactor, which pressure can be maintained for prolonged periods after withdrawing the needle. The closure system does not require moving parts.