Methods of sorption of various materials from an environment are disclosed herein. Embodiments of the materials include radioactive elements chlorates, perchlorates, organohalogens, and combinations thereof. Other embodiments pertain to methods of sorption of cationic radionuclides. Compositions produced by such methods are also disclosed herein. Embodiments of the methods may include contacting graphene oxides with the environment and sorption of the materials to the graphene oxides. In some embodiments, the sorption is relatively rapid in comparison to known sorbents; even in the presence of relatively higher concentrations of complexing agents. In some embodiments, the methods further include separating the graphene oxides that sorbed materials from the environment. Yet other embodiments may include desorbing the materials from the graphene oxides that sorbed the materials, and compositions therefrom.

A red mud-based sewage treatment agent and a preparation method thereof, a red mud-based ceramsite concrete and a preparation method thereof, and applications, the agent including the following components: 80-90% of a solid waste complex after acidification treatment, 2-15% of an alkali activator, 0-1.0% of a water reducer, 0.5-2.0% of an ultrafine additive, and 1.0-5.0% of a treatment agent. The solid waste complex includes: at least one of red mud powder, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, coal gangue powder and iron tailings powder. First, the red mud is modified to prepare an intermediate product, namely the red mud-based sewage treatment agent, which is used for absorption of pollutants in sewage and then used as a raw material again to prepare a final product, namely the red mud-based ceramsite concrete. Progressive comprehensive utilization of the red mud is realized, and adsorbed pollution factors can be sealed in the final product.

The present disclosure provides a method for removing sulfur compounds from a fuel containing sulfur compounds. The method includes contacting the fuel with an adsorbent that comprises a carbonaceous material doped with nanoparticles of aluminum oxide to reduce the concentrations of the sulfur compounds. The carbonaceous material is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide, and the adsorbent has a weight ratio of C to Al in the range from 3:1 to 30:1, and a weight ratio of C to O in the range from 1:1 to 10:1.

Disclosed herein is a field replaceable multifunction cartridge for the conversion of composite high molecular weight hydrocarbon vapors, extracted from homogenous or heterogeneous, segregated or unsegregated, wet or dry, unclean miscellaneous multi-feed waste input, to produce low molecular weight fractions of industriously combustible fuel products through catalytic cracking. The multifunction cartridge system is constructed in a modular fashion is capable of performing the catalytic, cleaning and scrubbing functions through the temperature range ranging from ambient to 500 C., owing to the high mechanical strength, low coefficient of expansion, resistance to thermal fatigue etc.

A method for creating a metal-carbon composite. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing a polymer Schiff base transition metal film precursor having a chemical structure of the formula [M(Schiff)].sub.n and a recurring unit and a transition metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, cobalt, copper, iron; Schiff is a tetradentate Schiff base ligand selected from the group consisting of Salen (residue of bis(salicylaldehyde)-ethylenediamine), Saltmen (residue of bis(salicylaldehyde)-tetramethylethylenediamine, Salphen (residue of bis-(salicylaldehyde)-o-phenylenediamine), a substituent in a Schiff base is selected from the group consisting of H, and carbon-containing substituents, preferably CH.sub.3, C.sub.2H.sub.5, CH.sub.3O, C.sub.2H.sub.5O, and Y is a bridge in a Schiff base depositing the polymer Schiff base transition metal precursor film onto a support substrate; and heating the polymer Schiff base transition metal precursor film and support substrate in a furnace in an inert atmosphere.

A batch process of remediation of soil and sediment contaminated with toxic metals includes the steps of treating contaminated soil and sediment with a solution containing aminopolycarboxylic chelating agent, rinsing the soil/sediment solid phase to remove residues of mobilized toxic metals, treating the used process waters to recycle chelating agent and clean process solutions and placing the remediated soil/sediment on a permeable horizontal reactive barrier to prevent emission of contaminants. In the batch process, toxic metals are removed from process solutions by alkaline adsorption of polysaccharide adsorbents. By applying alkaline adsorption the efficiency of toxic metal removal from process solutions and alkaline and acidic recycling of chelating agent is significantly improved.

The present disclosure provides a method for removing sulfur compounds from a fuel containing sulfur compounds. The method includes contacting the fuel with an adsorbent that comprises a carbonaceous material doped with nanoparticles of aluminum oxide to reduce the concentrations of the sulfur compounds. The carbonaceous material is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide, and the adsorbent has a weight ratio of C to Al in the range from 3:1 to 30:1, and a weight ratio of C to O in the range from 1:1 to 10:1.

A hybrid graphene material and a filter capable of retaining, in whole or in part, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyl and other smoke compounds from tobacco products or industrial processes, having as adsorbent substances activated carbon and graphene materials, both supported by the same matrix and in the same filter compartment, which may or may not be attached to another conventional filter compartment of cellulose acetate fibers or similar polymer, and a method for manufacturing such material.

A hybrid graphene material and a filter capable of retaining, in whole or in part, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyl and other smoke compounds from tobacco products or industrial processes, having as adsorbent substances activated carbon and graphene materials, both supported by the same matrix and in the same filter compartment, which may or may not be attached to another conventional filter compartment of cellulose acetate fibers or similar polymer, and a method for manufacturing such material.

One object of the present invention is to produce a weakly acidic cation exchanger under mild conditions. Another object of the present invention is to produce a more firm weakly acidic cation exchange film. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a weakly acidic cation exchanger capable of realizing high-level separation of monovalent cation and simultaneously analyzing monovalent cation and divalent cation and also provide a chromatography column using the ion exchanger. In the production method of a weakly acidic cation exchanger of the invention, a solvent incapable of dissolving a polymer having a double bond within the molecule is used and the weakly acidic cation exchanger is produced by polymerization at temperature of 100 C. or less.