Disclosed is a lanthanide oxide coated catalyst, and methods for its use, that includes a supported catalyst comprising a support material, a catalytic material, and a lanthanide oxide, wherein the lanthanide oxide is attached to at least a portion of the surface of the supported catalyst.

A catalytic system is provided which comprises a tubular reactor and at least one catalyst particle located within the tubular reactor. The catalyst particles have a particular geometric form which promotes heat transfer with the tubular reactor. Certain specific catalyst particles are also provided.

A process for use of composite catalysts for oxidation of amines during synthesis of energetic compounds. This method overcomes the safety concerns associated with dangerous reaction conditions for these energetic materials. The process requires exposing phthalocyanine conjugated to an inorganic substrate to the precursor reactant and activating the composite material to light and oxygen to covert amine groups into oxidized nitrogen species.

One embodiment includes a method of forming a hydrophilic particle containing electrode including providing a catalyst; providing hydrophilic particles suspended in a liquid to form a liquid suspension; contacting said catalyst with said liquid suspension; and, drying said liquid suspension contacting said catalyst to leave said hydrophilic particles attached to said catalyst.

TiO.sub.2-supported catalysts include at least molybdenum or tungsten as active components for hydrotreating processes, in particular for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds as well as metals out of crude oil fractions and for the hydrogenation of sulfur oxides.

A chromia-based fluorination catalyst comprising at least one additional metal selected from zinc, nickel, aluminum and magnesium in which from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight of the catalyst is in the form of one or more crystalline compounds of chromium and/or one or more crystalline compounds of the at least one additional metal. The catalyst can be used in processes for producing a fluorinated hydrocarbon.

A solution of a mixed alkaline earth alkoxide compound with an aluminum compound in an aprotic solvent, and methods of making and using them.

Disclosed are a composite oxide which is capable of maintaining a large volume of pores even used in a high temperature environment, and which has excellent heat resistance and catalytic activity, as well as a method for producing the composite oxide and a catalyst for exhaust gas purification employing the composite oxide. The composite oxide contains cerium and at least one element selected from aluminum, silicon, or rare earth metals other than cerium and including yttrium, at a mass ratio of 85:15 to 99:1 in terms oxides, and has a property of exhibiting a not less than 0.30 cm.sup.3/g, preferably not less than 0.40 cm.sup.3/g volume of pores with a diameter of not larger than 200 nm, after calcination at 900° C. for 5 hours, and is suitable for a co-catalyst in a catalyst for vehicle exhaust gas purification.

An exhaust gas purification system of the present disclosure includes a first exhaust gas purification device that purifies exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine and a second exhaust gas purification device that additionally purifies the exhaust gas purified by the first exhaust gas purification device, wherein the exhaust gas is exhaust gas with a gaseous composition in which an amount of reducing agents is in excess compared to a stoichiometric gaseous composition and a gaseous composition in which an amount of oxidants is in excess compared to the stoichiometric gaseous composition are alternately switched between, the first exhaust gas purification device includes a three-way catalyst, and the second exhaust gas purification device includes an exhaust gas purification catalyst containing spinel-type MgAl.sub.xFe.sub.2.00−xO.sub.4.00 supporting particles on which Rh is supported, where 0.00<×≤1.50.

A novel catalyst composition and its use in the dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins. The catalyst comprises a Group VIII noble metal and a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, vanadium, chromium, titanium, and combinations thereof, on a support. The Group VIII noble metal can be platinum, palladium, osmium, rhodium, rubidium, iridium, and combinations thereof. The support can be silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silica-alumina, cerium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, metal modified silica, silica-pillared clays, silica-pillared micas, metal oxide modified silica-pillared mica, silica-pillared tetrasilicic mica, silica-pillared taeniolite, zeolite, molecular sieve, and combinations thereof. The catalyst composition is an active and selective catalyst for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins.