Herein discussed is a method of making an object comprising mixing particles with a liquid to form a dispersion; depositing the dispersion on a substrate to form a layer; and treating the layer to cause at least a portion of the particles to sinter, wherein the particles have a size distribution that has at least one of the following characteristics: (a) said size distribution comprises D10 and D90, wherein 10% of the particles have a diameter no greater than D10 and 90% of the particles have a diameter no greater than D90, wherein D90/D10 is in the range of from 1.5 to 100; or (b) said size distribution is bimodal such that the average particle size in the first mode is at least 5 times the average particle size in the second mode; or (c) said size distribution comprises D50, wherein 50% of the particles have a diameter no greater than D50, wherein D50 is no greater than 100 nm.

The invention relates to a process for hydroformylating short-chain olefins, especially C2 to C5 olefins, in which the catalyst system is in heterogenized form on a support of a porous ceramic material, and to plants for performing this process.

Disclosed herein is a catalyst composite containing a perovskite-oxide and an oxide support, methods of preparing a catalyst composite containing a perovskite-oxide and an oxide support, and the use thereof for CO.sub.2 conversion by a reverse water gas shift chemical looping (RWGS-CL) process.

The method of electro-chemical processing of hydrocarbon substances, which includes the stage of conversion of those substances in a mixture with water or electrolyte solution by means of its processing with variable electric current. An electro-chemical processing is carried out by a two-stage treatment, comprising a primary electro-hydrodynamic processing by means of an exposure to high voltage, short-pulse electric current discharges of variable frequency, and also comprising the main electro-hydrodynamic processing, carried out in strongly whirling counterflows of the mixture, in the field with a high radial pressure gradient, by exposing the substance to an intensive cavitation, highly developed turbulence, acoustic pressure vibrations, high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field and secondary short-circuited electric currents induced in the conductive mixture, along with a simultaneous separation of the substances formed. The device for electro-hydrodynamic processing of hydrocarbon substances, containing a block for primary electro-hydrodynamic mixture processing is also described and claimed.

The invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen, comprising catalytically decomposing a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium formate in a reaction vessel to form bicarbonate slurry and hydrogen, discharging the hydrogen from said reaction vessel, and treating a mixture comprising the bicarbonate slurry and the catalyst with an oxidizer, thereby regenerating the catalyst. Pd/C catalysts useful in the process are also described.

The invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen, comprising catalytically decomposing a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium formate in a reaction vessel to form bicarbonate slurry and hydrogen, discharging the hydrogen from said reaction vessel, and treating a mixture comprising the bicarbonate slurry and the catalyst with an oxidizer, thereby regenerating the catalyst. Pd/C catalysts useful in the process are also described.

A method for preparing a catalyst, including: 1) uniformly mixing attapulgite, lithium-manganese spinel (LiMn spinel), manganese dioxide powders to form mixed raw material; adding water to the mixed raw material; stirring and mixing the mixed raw material and the water for between 5 and 15 min to yield a reaction mixture; 2) feeding the reaction mixture in 1) to a pelletizer to prepare spherical particles or hollow cylindrical particles; drying the spherical particles or the hollow cylindrical particles to yield a precursor; 3) heating the precursor in a muffle furnace, and calcining the precursor to yield a crude catalyst; 4) mixing the crude catalyst with an acid solution; alternating between ultrasound and microwave to wash the crude catalyst; and 5) washing the crude catalyst in 4) with water; and drying the catalyst for 12 hrs in air at 105 C.

Synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas in a fixed bed or a moving bed reactor loaded with a composite catalyst comprising Catalyst Component A and Catalyst Component B mixed via a mechanical mixing mode, wherein the active ingredient of the Catalyst Component A is active metal oxides; and the Catalyst Component B is one or both of ZSM-5 zeolite and metal modified ZSM-5; the pressure of the synthesis gas is 0.1-6 MPa; the reaction temperature is 300-600 C.; and the space velocity is 500-8000 h.sup.1. The reaction process has a high product yield and selectivity, with the selectivity of aromatics reaching 50-85%, while the selectivity of the methane byproduct is less than 15%.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst for dehydration of glycerin, a preparation method thereof, and a production method of acrolein using the catalyst. Particularly, the catalyst according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is used in a dehydration reaction of glycerin to exhibit high catalytic activity, a high yield, and high selectivity to acrolein and acrylic acid, and has a longer lifetime compared to the conventional catalysts due to a characteristic that coke carbon cannot be easily deposited on the surface of the catalyst.

The invention relates to a process for methanol synthesis comprising the steps of providing a syngas feed stream comprising hydrogen and a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, wherein carbon dioxide represents from 1 to 50 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream, carbon monoxide is contained from 0.1 to 85 mol % of the total molar content, and H.sub.2 is comprised from 5 to 95 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream; providing an indium oxide catalyst selected from a bulk catalyst and a supported catalyst comprising indium oxide (In.sub.2O.sub.3) as the main active phase; putting in contact said stream with said catalyst at a reaction temperature of at least 373 K (99.85 C.) and under a pressure ranging of at least 1 MPa; and recovering the methanol effluents. The invention also relates to an indium oxide based catalyst.