In the production of hydrogen peroxide, when ketone forms are increased upon conversion from higher alcohol components in organic solvents, such increased levels of ketone forms reduce the water content in a working solution and lead to deterioration of catalytic activity. Moreover, increased levels of ketone forms reduce the solubility of anthrahydroquinone compounds and may cause an obstacle to stable and safe operation in the production of hydrogen peroxide due to crystallization and deposition of the anthrahydroquinone compounds. The object of the present invention is to provide a process in which polar solvent-derived altered substances (ketone forms) in a working solution provided for use in the production of hydrogen peroxide via the anthraquinone process are regenerated into the original alcohol components to thereby improve the production efficiency of hydrogen peroxide. From a working solution which has been used for many years, organic solvent components containing ketone forms are separated by distillation and hydrogenated in the presence of a metal catalyst to regenerate the organic solvent components into the original alcohol components, whereby hydrogen peroxide can be produced more efficiently.

Embodiments of processes for producing propylene utilize a dual catalyst system comprising a mesoporous silica catalyst impregnated with metal oxide and a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst downstream of the mesoporous silica catalyst, where the mesoporous silica catalyst includes a pore size distribution of at least 2.5 nm to 40 nm and a total pore volume of at least 0.600 cm.sup.3/g, and the MFI structured silica catalyst has a total acidity of 0.001 mmol/g to 0.1 mmol/g. The propylene is produced from the butene stream via metathesis by contacting the mesoporous silica catalyst and subsequent cracking by contacting the MFI structured silica catalyst.

According to one or more embodiments, cationic polymers may be produced which include one or more monomers containing cations. Such cationic polymers may be utilized as structure directing agents to form mesoporous zeolites. The mesoporous zeolites may include micropores as well as mesopores, and may have a surface area of greater than 350 m.sup.2/g and a pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm.sup.3/g. Also described are core/shell zeolites, where at least the shell portion includes a mesoporous zeolite material.

According to one or more embodiments, cationic polymers may be produced which include one or more monomers containing cations. Such cationic polymers may be utilized as structure directing agents to form mesoporous zeolites. The mesoporous zeolites may include micropores as well as mesopores, and may have a surface area of greater than 350 m.sup.2/g and a pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm.sup.3/g. Also described are core/shell zeolites, where at least the shell portion includes a mesoporous zeolite material.

Methods for monitoring thermal characteristics of oxidation catalyst (OC) catalytic composition(s) (CC) are provided, and comprise communicating exhaust gas to the OC, and determining a temperature change of the CC for the time frame based on a plurality of heat sources including heat imparted to the CC from exhaust gas enthalpy, heat imparted to the CC via oxidation of HC and/or CO in exhaust gas, heat imparted to the CC via water present in the exhaust gas condensing on the CC or heat removed from the CC via water evaporating from the CC, and optionally heat exchanged between the CC and the ambient environment. Heat imparted to the CC via water condensing on the CC can be determined using an increasing relative humidity proximate the CC, and heat removed from the CC via water evaporating from the CC can be determined using a decreasing relative humidity proximate the CC.

Methods for monitoring thermal characteristics of oxidation catalyst (OC) catalytic composition(s) (CC) are provided, and comprise communicating exhaust gas to the OC, and determining a temperature change of the CC for the time frame based on a plurality of heat sources including heat imparted to the CC from exhaust gas enthalpy, heat imparted to the CC via oxidation of HC and/or CO in exhaust gas, heat imparted to the CC via water present in the exhaust gas condensing on the CC or heat removed from the CC via water evaporating from the CC, and optionally heat exchanged between the CC and the ambient environment. Heat imparted to the CC via water condensing on the CC can be determined using an increasing relative humidity proximate the CC, and heat removed from the CC via water evaporating from the CC can be determined using a decreasing relative humidity proximate the CC.

Provided is a catalyst for the selective reduction of NOx comprising a two molecular sieve materials having a CHA structure, wherein the first molecular sieve has a mean crystal size of about 0.01 to 1 m and the second molecular sieve has a mean crystal size of about 1-5 m, and wherein the first molecular sieve contains a first extra-framework metal, the second molecular sieve contains a second extra-framework metal, and wherein said first and second extra-framework metals are independently selected from the group consisting of cesium, copper, nickel, zinc, iron, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, chromium, vanadium, niobium, and combinations thereof.

An extruded honeycomb catalyst for nitrogen oxide reduction according to the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method in exhaust gases from motor vehicles includes an extruded active carrier in honeycomb form having a first SCR catalytically active component and with a plurality of channels through which the exhaust gas flows during operation, and a washcoat coating having a second SCR catalytically active component being applied to the extruded body, wherein the first SCR catalytically active component and the second SCR catalytically active component are each independently one of: (i) vanadium catalyst with vanadium as catalytically active component; (ii) mixed-oxide catalyst with one or more oxides, in particular those of transition metals or lanthanides as catalytically active component; and (iii) an Fe- or a Cu-zeolite catalyst.

A method of converting nitrogen oxides in a gas to nitrogen by contacting the nitrogen oxides with a nitrogenous reducing agent in the presence of a zeolite catalyst containing at least one transition metal, wherein the zeolite is a small pore zeolite containing a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms, wherein the at least one transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Re, Ir and Pt.

A filter for air purification includes an air-permeable body frame and a photocatalyst member provided in the body frame. The photocatalyst member includes at least one mesh slit and a plurality of bead layers disposed on both sides of the mesh slit to be spaced apart from each other wherein the bead layers include a plurality of photocatalyst-containing beads aligned in a single layer to be spaced apart from each other at regular intervals.