A method of producing bifunctional catalyst systems that include a carbon-coated metal catalyst may comprise: coating a metal catalyst particle with a carbon-containing small molecule to produce a coated metal catalyst particle; carbonizing the carbon-containing small molecule on the coated metal catalyst particle to produce a carbon-coated metal catalyst particle; and mixing the carbon-coated metal catalyst particle with an acid catalyst particle to produce an acid/metal bifunctional catalyst system. Further, a method of producing bifunctional catalyst systems that include a carbon-coated acid catalyst may be similarly performed by coating a metal catalyst particle with a carbon-containing small molecule to produce a coated metal catalyst particle; carbonizing the carbon-containing small molecule on the coated metal catalyst particle to produce a carbon-coated metal catalyst particle; and mixing the carbon-coated metal catalyst particle with an acid catalyst particle to produce an acid/metal bifunctional catalyst system.

A method of producing bifunctional catalyst systems that include a carbon-coated metal catalyst may comprise: coating a metal catalyst particle with a carbon-containing small molecule to produce a coated metal catalyst particle; carbonizing the carbon-containing small molecule on the coated metal catalyst particle to produce a carbon-coated metal catalyst particle; and mixing the carbon-coated metal catalyst particle with an acid catalyst particle to produce an acid/metal bifunctional catalyst system. Further, a method of producing bifunctional catalyst systems that include a carbon-coated acid catalyst may be similarly performed by coating a metal catalyst particle with a carbon-containing small molecule to produce a coated metal catalyst particle; carbonizing the carbon-containing small molecule on the coated metal catalyst particle to produce a carbon-coated metal catalyst particle; and mixing the carbon-coated metal catalyst particle with an acid catalyst particle to produce an acid/metal bifunctional catalyst system.

The present disclosure provides a method for operating a three-way catalyst system at high temperatures. The method includes passing a high-temperature exhaust stream exiting an engine over a thermally stable three-way catalyst system including a metal oxide support; two or more catalytically active metals disposed on the support; and a porous metal oxide coating disposed on one or more exposed surfaces of the support. At least one of the catalytically active metals may be platinum (Pt). The method further includes reducing an amount of the nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) in an effluent stream exiting the thermally stable three-way catalyst system so that the effluent stream has a combined amount of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) of less than or equal to about 30 mg/mile and less than or equal to about 0.5 g/mile of carbon monoxide (CO).

The present disclosure provides a method for operating a three-way catalyst system at high temperatures. The method includes passing a high-temperature exhaust stream exiting an engine over a thermally stable three-way catalyst system including a metal oxide support; two or more catalytically active metals disposed on the support; and a porous metal oxide coating disposed on one or more exposed surfaces of the support. At least one of the catalytically active metals may be platinum (Pt). The method further includes reducing an amount of the nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) in an effluent stream exiting the thermally stable three-way catalyst system so that the effluent stream has a combined amount of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) of less than or equal to about 30 mg/mile and less than or equal to about 0.5 g/mile of carbon monoxide (CO).

The present disclosure provides a method for operating a three-way catalyst system at high temperatures. The method includes passing a high-temperature exhaust stream exiting an engine over a thermally stable three-way catalyst system including a metal oxide support; two or more catalytically active metals disposed on the support; and a porous metal oxide coating disposed on one or more exposed surfaces of the support. At least one of the catalytically active metals may be platinum (Pt). The method further includes reducing an amount of the nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) in an effluent stream exiting the thermally stable three-way catalyst system so that the effluent stream has a combined amount of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) of less than or equal to about 30 mg/mile and less than or equal to about 0.5 g/mile of carbon monoxide (CO).

The present disclosure provides a method for operating a three-way catalyst system at high temperatures. The method includes passing a high-temperature exhaust stream exiting an engine over a thermally stable three-way catalyst system including a metal oxide support; two or more catalytically active metals disposed on the support; and a porous metal oxide coating disposed on one or more exposed surfaces of the support. At least one of the catalytically active metals may be platinum (Pt). The method further includes reducing an amount of the nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) in an effluent stream exiting the thermally stable three-way catalyst system so that the effluent stream has a combined amount of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) of less than or equal to about 30 mg/mile and less than or equal to about 0.5 g/mile of carbon monoxide (CO).

A catalyst-containing particle including a core and an acidic coating layer thereon, wherein the core includes a nitrogen-containing catalyst for a thermoset polymeric system, and the acidic coating layer comprises a binder; and a method of making such particles. A curable, one-part epoxy/thiol resin composition that includes: an epoxy/thiol resin mixture including: an epoxy resin component that includes an epoxy resin having at least two epoxide groups per molecule; a thiol component that includes a polythiol compound having at least two primary thiol groups; and catalyst-containing particles dispersed in the epoxy/thiol resin mixture; wherein each particle includes a core and an acidic coating layer thereon, wherein the core includes a nitrogen-containing catalyst for the epoxy resin; and a method of curing such curable composition.

A catalyst-containing particle including a core and an acidic coating layer thereon, wherein the core includes a nitrogen-containing catalyst for a thermoset polymeric system, and the acidic coating layer comprises a binder; and a method of making such particles. A curable, one-part epoxy/thiol resin composition that includes: an epoxy/thiol resin mixture including: an epoxy resin component that includes an epoxy resin having at least two epoxide groups per molecule; a thiol component that includes a polythiol compound having at least two primary thiol groups; and catalyst-containing particles dispersed in the epoxy/thiol resin mixture; wherein each particle includes a core and an acidic coating layer thereon, wherein the core includes a nitrogen-containing catalyst for the epoxy resin; and a method of curing such curable composition.

Controlled release polyurea microcapsules can be prepared from a combination of polyisocyanates using emulsion polymerization. Encapsulated catalysts prepared using the polyurea microcapsules can be used to control the cure rate of coatings and sealants.

Controlled release polyurea microcapsules can be prepared from a combination of polyisocyanates using emulsion polymerization. Encapsulated catalysts prepared using the polyurea microcapsules can be used to control the cure rate of coatings and sealants.