The present invention is directed to a ligated metal-organic framework (MOF) for use in removing both anionic and cationic species from a liquid or liquid stream. The present invention also provides methods for placing the MOF on a substrate to form a MOF-containing product that can be used in the removal of certain species from a given fluid. The MOF may be a Zr-based MOF, such as NU-1000, for removal of certain anions, such as oxy-anions, or having an attached thiosulfonyl-thiol (—SO.sub.2—S—R.sub.2—SH, where R.sub.2 is an alkyl group) ligand for complexation with certain cationic species in addition to the anions. The substrate may be any substrate to which a given MOF may be attached, including inert polypropylene polymer resin beads, a macroscopic fabric such as a mesh material or mesh filter, and a molecular fabric.

Ionic liquid containing compositions may be used in the production, recovery and refining of oil and gas. In addition, they may be used to treat cooling water and/or to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion of metals.

Ionic liquid containing compositions may be used in the production, recovery and refining of oil and gas. In addition, they may be used to treat cooling water and/or to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion of metals.

The present disclosure provides a polymer protecting layer, a lithium metal negative electrode, a lithium secondary battery. In the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure, a polymer protecting layer comprising a polymer ionic liquid is coated on a surface of a lithium metal sheet, which can effectively slow down or even inhibit the growth of the lithium dendrite, improve the first charge-discharge cycle coulombic efficiency of the lithium secondary battery, and significantly improve the cycle performance and the safety performance of the lithium secondary battery.

The present disclosure provides a polymer protecting layer, a lithium metal negative electrode, a lithium secondary battery. In the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure, a polymer protecting layer comprising a polymer ionic liquid is coated on a surface of a lithium metal sheet, which can effectively slow down or even inhibit the growth of the lithium dendrite, improve the first charge-discharge cycle coulombic efficiency of the lithium secondary battery, and significantly improve the cycle performance and the safety performance of the lithium secondary battery.

A method of demulsifying an emulsion with an ionic liquid having a nitrogen or phosphorus cation.

A method is provided for separating a dicarboxylic acid product from a mixture containing such dicarboxylic acids. The method involves: providing a dicarboxylic acid-containing mixture of which at least 35% of the carboxylic acid content of the mixture is a dicarboxylic acid product of interest; running an extraction of said dicarboxylic acid-containing mixture through a chromatographic column configured with an amphoteric resin, such that the dicarboxylic acid product elutes preferentially from the dicarboxylic acid-containing mixture. In certain embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid product of interest can be a glucaric or gluconic acid product from a mixture of either or both of these with still other carboxylic acids.

A method is provided for separating a dicarboxylic acid product from a mixture containing such dicarboxylic acids. The method involves: providing a dicarboxylic acid-containing mixture of which at least 35% of the carboxylic acid content of the mixture is a dicarboxylic acid product of interest; running an extraction of said dicarboxylic acid-containing mixture through a chromatographic column configured with an amphoteric resin, such that the dicarboxylic acid product elutes preferentially from the dicarboxylic acid-containing mixture. In certain embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid product of interest can be a glucaric or gluconic acid product from a mixture of either or both of these with still other carboxylic acids.

This invention is in the field of micro-organism and algal cell processing. The invention relates to a method of maximizing migration of micro-organism and/or algal cells to a solvent fraction while simultaneously displacing water in a separate fraction and subsequent extraction of hydrophobic products from the organisms. The invention further relates to a method of sequestration of protein from an aqueous phase to an organic solvent.

This invention is in the field of micro-organism and algal cell processing. The invention relates to a method of maximizing migration of micro-organism and/or algal cells to a solvent fraction while simultaneously displacing water in a separate fraction and subsequent extraction of hydrophobic products from the organisms. The invention further relates to a method of sequestration of protein from an aqueous phase to an organic solvent.