The present disclosure relates processes and systems for producing and/or purifying .sup.68Ga from an irradiated substrate of .sup.68Zn. In some embodiments, the process rely on the use two cation-exchange chromatography columns to separate .sup.68Ga from .sup.68Zn and other radionuclides and metallic impurities. The process achieves a high overall yield of .sup.68Ga and a high effective molar activity while being implementable in a time compatible with the short half-life of .sup.68Ga. In additional embodiments, the process is implemented by an automated system.

The present disclosure relates processes and systems for producing and/or purifying .sup.68Ga from an irradiated substrate of .sup.68Zn. In some embodiments, the process rely on the use two cation-exchange chromatography columns to separate .sup.68Ga from .sup.68Zn and other radionuclides and metallic impurities. The process achieves a high overall yield of .sup.68Ga and a high effective molar activity while being implementable in a time compatible with the short half-life of .sup.68Ga. In additional embodiments, the process is implemented by an automated system.

A dry ion exchange resin manufacturing method includes: obtaining a purified cation exchange resin by bringing a cation exchange resin to be purified into contact with a mineral acid solution having a metal impurity content of 1 mg/L, or less and a concentration of 5% by weight or more, to purify the cation exchange resin, wherein a total metal impurity elution amount eluted when hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 3% by weight is passed through the purified cation exchange resin with a volume ratio of 25 times is at most equal to 5 ?g/mL-R; and a drying step of drying the purified cation exchange resin under reduced pressure at 80? C. or lower until the moisture content is at most equal to 5% by weight.

A dry ion exchange resin manufacturing method includes: obtaining a purified cation exchange resin by bringing a cation exchange resin to be purified into contact with a mineral acid solution having a metal impurity content of 1 mg/L, or less and a concentration of 5% by weight or more, to purify the cation exchange resin, wherein a total metal impurity elution amount eluted when hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 3% by weight is passed through the purified cation exchange resin with a volume ratio of 25 times is at most equal to 5 ?g/mL-R; and a drying step of drying the purified cation exchange resin under reduced pressure at 80? C. or lower until the moisture content is at most equal to 5% by weight.

The invention relates to a process for preparing amidomethylated vinylaromatic bead polymers.

The residual hydrogenation catalyst from the hydrogenated nitrile rubber solution is recovered by using two steps such as (1) the catalyst extraction step with an ammonium salt and water (optionally including an oxidation step) to extract catalyst from the HNBR polymer chain to the solvent and then (2) the separation/column recovery step with the column packed with functional ion exchange resins for the separation of ammonia-catalyst complex from hydrogenated nitrile rubber solution and the column recovery for the high catalyst recovery with functional groups of resins. The ammonium salt for the catalyst extraction step is selected from ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium iodide, and ammonium acetate. The functional groups in the functional ion exchange resins for packing the column is selected from thiourea, thiouronium, thiol, amine, diamine, triamine, TMT, dithiocarbamate, and carbodithioate.

Ion exchange resin macroporous beads for the highly selective extraction of univalent anions from aqueous solutions. A specific example is the removal of dicyanoaurate and dicyanoargentate from cyanide leach solutions and tailings. The beads have a maximum number of ligands specific for the desired univalent anion, while maintaining sufficient separation to minimize binding of polyvalent ions. The beads are prepared using a functionalized monomer with the use of a specifically tuned coordinator.

The beads can be used as a sensor for detecting the amount of anions captured when interrogated by an appropriate light source.

Ion exchange resin macroporous beads for the highly selective extraction of univalent anions from aqueous solutions. A specific example is the removal of dicyanoaurate and dicyanoargentate from cyanide leach solutions and tailings. The beads have a maximum number of ligands specific for the desired univalent anion, while maintaining sufficient separation to minimize binding of polyvalent ions. The beads are prepared using a functionalized monomer with the use of a specifically tuned coordinator.

The beads can be used as a sensor for detecting the amount of anions captured when interrogated by an appropriate light source.

An iminodiacetic acid type chelate resin which can be easily and efficiently produced and which can efficiently adsorb and separate metal ions; and a method for producing the same are developed. The use of a chelate rein having a carboxymethyl group introduced into primary amino groups of the polyvinylamine crosslinked polymer particles can facilitate the efficient adsorption and separation of metal ions in water. The chelate resin can be obtained by a production method in which an N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide is suspension polymerized with a crosslinkable monomer in salt water in the presence of a dispersant thereby to obtain a polyvinyl carboxylic acid amide crosslinked polymer particles, and the obtained polyvinyl carboxylic acid amide crosslinked polymer is hydrolyzed to thereby introduce a carboxymethyl group into primary amino groups of the polyvinylamine crosslinked polymer particles.

An iminodiacetic acid type chelate resin which can be easily and efficiently produced and which can efficiently adsorb and separate metal ions; and a method for producing the same are developed. The use of a chelate rein having a carboxymethyl group introduced into primary amino groups of the polyvinylamine crosslinked polymer particles can facilitate the efficient adsorption and separation of metal ions in water. The chelate resin can be obtained by a production method in which an N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide is suspension polymerized with a crosslinkable monomer in salt water in the presence of a dispersant thereby to obtain a polyvinyl carboxylic acid amide crosslinked polymer particles, and the obtained polyvinyl carboxylic acid amide crosslinked polymer is hydrolyzed to thereby introduce a carboxymethyl group into primary amino groups of the polyvinylamine crosslinked polymer particles.