A method for reacting a reaction object with a liquid containing the reaction object in contact with a granular porous body. The upper limit D (mm) of the particle diameter of the granular porous body is determined from D=0.556×LN (T)+0.166 in a column flow method in non-circulation type, and determined from D=0.0315×T+0.470 in the column flow method in a circulation type and a shaking method. The granular porous body includes a skeleton body including an inorganic compound having a three-dimensional continuous network structure, and has a two-step hierarchical porous structure including through-holes formed in voids in the skeleton body, and pores extending from a surface to an inside of the skeleton body and dispersed on the surface. A functional group having affinity with the metal ion is chemically modified on a surface of the granular porous body.

A method for separating metal ions from a liquid includes a step of providing a solution having metal-containing ions and associated negative counter ions in a liquid. The metal-containing ions are contacted with a dendrimer to form solid particles of metal-containing ion-dendrimer complexes. The solid particles of metal-containing ion-dendrimer complexes are separated from the solution.

A method for separating metal ions from a liquid includes a step of providing a solution having metal-containing ions and associated negative counter ions in a liquid. The metal-containing ions are contacted with a dendrimer to form solid particles of metal-containing ion-dendrimer complexes. The solid particles of metal-containing ion-dendrimer complexes are separated from the solution.

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.

An X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is disclosed that is characterized by a cumulative pore volume of pores with a diameter smaller than 10 nm of at least 0.018 cm.sup.3/g, and a specific surface areas of at least 60 m.sup.2/g. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is produced by reacting an inorganic magnesium compound with alcohol in a CO.sub.2 atmosphere. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate can be a powder or a pellet and acts as a desiccant in, for example, production of food, chemicals or pharmaceuticals.

An X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is disclosed that is characterized by a cumulative pore volume of pores with a diameter smaller than 10 nm of at least 0.018 cm.sup.3/g, and a specific surface areas of at least 60 m.sup.2/g. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is produced by reacting an inorganic magnesium compound with alcohol in a CO.sub.2 atmosphere. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate can be a powder or a pellet and acts as a desiccant in, for example, production of food, chemicals or pharmaceuticals.

A device for purifying drinking water in multiple stages by combining orthogonal purification technologies in one module is described, where the device comprises a housing, a water inlet opening, a water outlet opening, a hollow cylinder which is filled with activated carbon, and a hollow cylinder with a semipermeable wall, wherein the hollow cylinder contains a chelating bactericidal gel or a chelating and bactericidal gel for removing heavy metals or bacteria or for removing heavy metals and bacteria.

A device for purifying drinking water in multiple stages by combining orthogonal purification technologies in one module is described, where the device comprises a housing, a water inlet opening, a water outlet opening, a hollow cylinder which is filled with activated carbon, and a hollow cylinder with a semipermeable wall, wherein the hollow cylinder contains a chelating bactericidal gel or a chelating and bactericidal gel for removing heavy metals or bacteria or for removing heavy metals and bacteria.

Disclosed herein are systems, methods, processes, and apparatuses for treating radioactive waste, through systems designed to bind and dry radioactive media. In some of its various embodiments, the system includes at least one helical screw designed to receive and mix liquid wastes with ion exchange media, as well as convey the resulting slurry through one or more of a binding, dewatering, and drying/off-gassing region.