A metatitanic acid particle surface-treated with a silane compound having a hydrocarbon group has absorption at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more and about 800 nm or less in an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, and has an absorption peak at a wave number of about 2700 cm.sup.1 or more and about 3000 cm.sup.1 or less in an infrared absorption spectrum.

A satisfactory oxygen storage material and a method for producing it are provided. The oxygen storage material comprises zirconia particles with a ceria-zirconia complex oxide supported on the zirconia particles. The ceria-zirconia complex oxide includes a pyrochlore phase and has a mean crystallite diameter of 10 nm to 22.9 nm.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing butadiene. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of preparing butadiene by feeding butene and oxygen into a reactor containing a composite metal oxide catalyst and performing oxidative dehydrogenation, wherein a mole ratio of the oxygen to the butene is 1.8 to 2.2. In accordance with the present invention, a method of preparing butadiene to secure long-term operation stability by maintaining the intensity of a catalyst despite oxidative dehydrogenation and not to decrease selectivity due to less side reaction is provided.

The present disclosure features a method of making an engine aftertreatment catalyst, where the engine aftertreatment catalyst includes a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, and/or vanadium oxide when the metal oxide is different from vanadium oxide, each of which can be independently surface-modified with a surface modifier. The method includes providing a solution including an organic solvent and an organometallic compound; mixing the solution with a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, and/or a vanadium oxide to provide a mixture; drying the mixture; and calcining the mixture to provide a surface-modified metal oxide catalyst, a surface-modified metal zeolite catalyst, and/or a surface-modified vanadium oxide catalyst. The organometallic compound can be, for example, a metal alkoxide, a metal carboxylate, a metal acetylacetonate, and/or a metal organic acid ester.

A metal complex represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein M represents palladium or platinum; L represents a ligand selected from carbon monoxide, an olefin compound, an amine compound, a phosphine compound, an N-heterocyclic carbene compound, a nitrile compound and an isocyanide compound; n represents an integer of 0 to 2 showing the number of the ligand; and each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 represents an organic group). The metal complex described above can be fixed on an inorganic oxide while maintaining a skeletal structure thereof to obtain a supported metal complex, and this makes it possible to allow the supported metal complex to maintain the same catalytic activity as that of the original metal complex.

Also, calcining the supported metal complex obtained in the manner described above makes it possible to obtain a supported metal catalyst which is improved in catalytic activity to a greater extent than conventional supported metal catalysts.

Fluidizable catalysts for oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins. The catalysts contain 10-20% (by weight per total catalyst weight) of one or more vanadium oxides as the catalytic material, which are mounted upon an alumina support that is modified with zirconia at alumina/zirconia ratios of 5:1 up to 1:2. Various methods of preparing and characterizing the fluidizable catalysts are also provided.

A novel process and a novel catalyst for the production of light olefins. 1-butene is cracked in the presence of an acid- or base-modified silicalite-1 catalyst bed, wherein the modified silicalite-1 has a SiAl ratio of greater than 1000. The modification procedures described herein increase the selectivity of the silicalite-1 catalyst toward light olefins such as ethylene and propylene. The catalytic cracking of 1-butene may be carried out in a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor.

A porous honeycomb structure including multiple co-catalyst particles and multiple inorganic binder particles of smaller particle diameter than the co-catalyst particles. Each co-catalyst particle is comprised of a ceria-zirconia solid solution. The inorganic binder particles reside between the co-catalyst particles. In the honeycomb structure, an exposure fraction of the co-catalyst particles from the inorganic binder particles on a cross-section of the honeycomb structure is within a range of 3 to 10%.

A feedstream comprising hydrogen and a gas selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof is converted to a product mixture containing a combination of saturated and unsaturated two carbon atom and three carbon atom hydrocarbons via contact with a mixed catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide catalyst selected from a copper oxide, copper oxide/zinc oxide, copper oxide/alumina, copper oxide/zinc oxide/alumina catalyst, a zinc oxide/chromium oxide catalyst, or a combination thereof, in admixture with a molecular sieve catalyst having a CHA, AEI, AEL, AFI, BEA, or DDR framework type, or a combination of such molecular sieves. Exemplary molecular sieve catalysts include SAPO-34, SAPO-18, SAPO-5, and Beta. Advantages include reduced production of C1 hydrocarbons, C4 and higher hydrocarbons, or both; long catalyst lifetimes; desirable conversions; and desirable proportions of C2 and C3 paraffins.

Provided is the use of a capsule holding a catalyst, such as an enzyme. The capsule has a shell of material that is a supramolecular cross-linked network. The network is formed from a host-guest complexation of a host, such as cucurbituril, and one or more building blocks comprising suitable guest functionality. The complex non-covalently crosslinks the building block and/or non-covalently links the building block to another building block thereby forming the network. The shell of the capsule encapsulates the catalyst. The capsules holding the catalyst are suitable for use as microreactors, and the catalyst can be used as such whilst it is held within the capsule.