A device and a system monitor wear of lifters mounted in a mineral crusher. An elongated bolt maintains a lifter in place on an internal face of the crusher. A threaded section of the bolt terminates at a proximal end protruding externally through a hole of the crusher. A shank of the bolt terminates at a distal end opposite from the proximal end. The shank extends along a height of the lifter and wears as the lifter wears when the crusher is in operation. A transducer coupled to the proximal end of the bolt generates a sound wave applied to the proximal end of the bolt, detects an echo of the sound wave reflected by the distal end of the bolt, and reports to a controller a time delay between the sound wave and the echo. The controller evaluates a wear of the lifter based on the time delay.

A method for milling flex foil includes providing a web of flex foil including a substrate; a first conductive layer arranged on one surface of the substrate; a second conductive layer arranged on an opposite surface of the substrate; a first insulating layer arranged adjacent to the first conductive layer; and a second insulating layer arranged adjacent to the second conductive layer. The method includes dry milling one side of the web using a first clich pattern including raised portions and non-raised portions to selectively remove at least one of the first conductive layer and the first insulating layer. The method includes dry milling an opposite side of the web using a second clich pattern including upper raised portions, lower raised portions and non-raised portions to selectively remove the second insulating layer.

A method for milling flex foil includes providing a web of flex foil including a substrate; a first conductive layer arranged on one surface of the substrate; a second conductive layer arranged on an opposite surface of the substrate; a first insulating layer arranged adjacent to the first conductive layer; and a second insulating layer arranged adjacent to the second conductive layer. The method includes dry milling one side of the web using a first clich pattern including raised portions and non-raised portions to selectively remove at least one of the first conductive layer and the first insulating layer. The method includes dry milling an opposite side of the web using a second clich pattern including upper raised portions, lower raised portions and non-raised portions to selectively remove the second insulating layer.

A process for the decomposition of biomass-material includes subjecting a lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to comminution, subjecting the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a sifting to separate from the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material a fraction of small-particles, and subjecting the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a pretreatment. Before, during, or after the pretreatment, small particles can be added to the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material. Optionally, the small particles can be added continuously during the pretreatment. The addition of small particles decreases friction of the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material results in decreased process time, energy savings, and reduced production costs.

A process for the decomposition of biomass-material includes subjecting a lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to comminution, subjecting the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a sifting to separate from the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material a fraction of small-particles, and subjecting the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a pretreatment. Before, during, or after the pretreatment, small particles can be added to the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material. Optionally, the small particles can be added continuously during the pretreatment. The addition of small particles decreases friction of the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material results in decreased process time, energy savings, and reduced production costs.

In a method for operating a system, a first vibration is imparted to a component of the system and the first vibration of the component is detected by a sensor. The sensor generates a sensor signal for transmission to a control device, which analyzes the sensor signal and determines whether a buildup is present on the component based upon the analysis of the sensor signal. A second vibration is imparted to the component to remove the buildup when the buildup has been detected.

The system for drying lignite according to the present disclosure includes a mill configured to crush the lignite; a dryer configured to receive crushed lignite from the mill, to dry the lignite by heat-exchange with steam and to discharge dried lignite; a condensing-precipitating evaporator in fluid communication with the dryer so as to receive vapor which is evaporated when the lignite is dried, and which is discharged from the dryer. The evaporator is configured to condense the vapor discharged from the dryer by heat-exchange with water. The coal dust contained in the vapor is precipitated into a condensed aqueous solution when the vapor is being condensed, and the condensed aqueous solution is discharged. The system includes a Mechanical Vapor Re-Compression (MVR) configured to receive steam generated from the condensing-precipitating evaporator, to compress the steam into superheated steam, and to supply the compressed superheated steam to the dryer.

The system for drying lignite according to the present disclosure includes a mill configured to crush the lignite; a dryer configured to receive crushed lignite from the mill, to dry the lignite by heat-exchange with steam and to discharge dried lignite; a condensing-precipitating evaporator in fluid communication with the dryer so as to receive vapor which is evaporated when the lignite is dried, and which is discharged from the dryer. The evaporator is configured to condense the vapor discharged from the dryer by heat-exchange with water. The coal dust contained in the vapor is precipitated into a condensed aqueous solution when the vapor is being condensed, and the condensed aqueous solution is discharged. The system includes a Mechanical Vapor Re-Compression (MVR) configured to receive steam generated from the condensing-precipitating evaporator, to compress the steam into superheated steam, and to supply the compressed superheated steam to the dryer.

Provided is an expandable device for fracturing a container for liquids, for example beverages, in particular alcoholic beverages, made of glass or a similar material, wherein the device has a first retracted position according to which the device can be accommodated at least partially in a recess at a bottom section of the container without causing fracture to the container and a second extended position according to which the device is able to cause a fracture at a bottom section of the container by impact against a solid surface such as a table, with the aim to prevent reuse or recycle of the container, for example with adulterated beverages.

Provided is an expandable device for fracturing a container for liquids, for example beverages, in particular alcoholic beverages, made of glass or a similar material, wherein the device has a first retracted position according to which the device can be accommodated at least partially in a recess at a bottom section of the container without causing fracture to the container and a second extended position according to which the device is able to cause a fracture at a bottom section of the container by impact against a solid surface such as a table, with the aim to prevent reuse or recycle of the container, for example with adulterated beverages.