Multi-domain electrostatic filters and methods, systems and computer readable media for control thereof are described.

A method is provided for thermally processing waste to produce steam and generate energy while minimizing air pollutants in a staged thermal reactor. The method includes gasifying the waste to convert the waste to a fuel gas and a substantially carbon free, inert, granulated, sintered mineral ash and reforming the fuel gas auto-thermally to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide when the fuel gas is combusted. The method further includes burning the reformed fuel gas to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide in a flame region of a fuel gas burner and recirculating cooled flue gas to control oxygen content and temperature during the reforming operation and the burning operation. In one example, reforming the fuel gas converts non-molecular nitrogen species into molecular nitrogen in an auto-thermal non-catalytic reformer unit by decomposition reactions promoted by a prevailing reducing gas atmosphere.

A method is provided for thermally processing waste to produce steam and generate energy while minimizing air pollutants in a staged thermal reactor. The method includes gasifying the waste to convert the waste to a fuel gas and a substantially carbon free, inert, granulated, sintered mineral ash and reforming the fuel gas auto-thermally to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide when the fuel gas is combusted. The method further includes burning the reformed fuel gas to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide in a flame region of a fuel gas burner and recirculating cooled flue gas to control oxygen content and temperature during the reforming operation and the burning operation. In one example, reforming the fuel gas converts non-molecular nitrogen species into molecular nitrogen in an auto-thermal non-catalytic reformer unit by decomposition reactions promoted by a prevailing reducing gas atmosphere.

Multi-domain electrostatic filters and methods, systems and computer readable media for control thereof are described.

An apparatus is provided that receives waste and generates electrical power or thermal energy with minimal NOx emissions. A gasifier is provided that receives the waste and air to produce fuel gas for delivery to a fluidly coupled reformer. The reformer receives the fuel gas, recycled flue gas, and air to auto-thermally produce a reformed fuel gas and destroy fuel gas pollutants at a first temperature without a catalyst. A burner is fluidly coupled to the reformer and receives recycled flue gas and air to oxidize the reformed fuel gas at a second temperature that prevents nitrogen oxide formation, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature. A quench chamber is fluidly coupled to the burner and receives flue gas from the burner for quenching with recycled flue gas. A heat recovery system is fluidly coupled to the reformer, burner, and quench chamber to extract usable energy.

An apparatus is provided that receives waste and generates electrical power or thermal energy with minimal NOx emissions. A gasifier is provided that receives the waste and air to produce fuel gas for delivery to a fluidly coupled reformer. The reformer receives the fuel gas, recycled flue gas, and air to auto-thermally produce a reformed fuel gas and destroy fuel gas pollutants at a first temperature without a catalyst. A burner is fluidly coupled to the reformer and receives recycled flue gas and air to oxidize the reformed fuel gas at a second temperature that prevents nitrogen oxide formation, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature. A quench chamber is fluidly coupled to the burner and receives flue gas from the burner for quenching with recycled flue gas. A heat recovery system is fluidly coupled to the reformer, burner, and quench chamber to extract usable energy.

An electrostatic atomizing apparatus including: a liquid nozzle portion (20) for releasing a liquid column (38) into an open space; a liquid conduit portion (18) for introducing pressurized liquid into the liquid nozzle portion; a liquid-side electrode (16) disposed inside the liquid conduit portion for coming into contact with the liquid; a gas conduit portion (36) made of an insulation material and having a gas nozzle portion (24) disposed around the liquid nozzle portion for converting the liquid column into fine particles to generate an atomized stream by making a gas stream from the gas nozzle portion act at an atomization point P of the liquid column released into the open space from the liquid nozzle portion; and a ring-shaped induction electrode (26) disposed around the atomization point located in the open space and having an electrode conductor (28) made of a conductive material and coated with an insulation material.

A process for concentrating desired particles containing a carrier-magnetic-separation with the following steps, providing a feedstock which contains the desired particles; adding hydrophobic magnetic particles to the feedstock which results in a loaded feedstock containing agglomerates of the magnetic particles and the desired particles or of the magnetic particles and the undesired material; separating the agglomerates from the loaded feedstock by a separation method which results in isolated agglomerates, breaking up the isolated agglomerates to obtain a suspension having magnetic particles in de-agglomerated form; and separating the magnetic particles from the suspension obtained in step d) by a separation method and provided that at least one separation method is a magnetic separation, and where the process has at least one further separation and where the further separation is s sorting, electric separation, screening, classification, gravity concentration, and flotation.

A motor vehicle includes at least one air-conducting structure. That at least one air conducting structure is arranged downstream of a vehicle wheel in the direction of travel, for conducting at least some of the air in a wake of the vehicle wheel to a dust collector. A control unit is provided for automatic adjustment, in a manner depending on the speed of travel of the vehicle and/or of the spacing between a lower edge of the air-conducting structure and a roadway surface being driven over by the vehicle.

A motor vehicle includes at least one air-conducting structure. That at least one air conducting structure is arranged downstream of a vehicle wheel in the direction of travel, for conducting at least some of the air in a wake of the vehicle wheel to a dust collector. A control unit is provided for automatic adjustment, in a manner depending on the speed of travel of the vehicle and/or of the spacing between a lower edge of the air-conducting structure and a roadway surface being driven over by the vehicle.