A submersible system and method for measuring the gas volume fraction in an aerated fluid inside a reactor (1) wherein the aerated fluid is composed by gas dispersed in the form of bubbles in a fluid in the form of a solution, suspension, mixture of liquids or a combination thereof, which comprises: an open and pass-through gas exclusion device (20) of a variable cross section wherein the inlet opening whereby the fluid enters without gas bubbles towards the opened and through gas bubbles exclusion device (20) is greater than the outlet opening whereby the fluid exits without gas bubbles of the opened and through gas bubble exclusion device (20), wherein said outlet opening abuts with an inlet pipe (23), a sealed camera (24) which comprises a flow measurement means, which contains at least one flow meter allowing to measure the gas-free fluid velocity when circulating between an inlet (27) of said sealed camera (24) and an outlet (28) of said sealed camera (24), wherein said inlet (27) of said sealed camera (24) is coupled to said inlet pipe (23) and wherein said outlet (28) of said sealed camera (24) is coupled to an outlet pipe (26) of the liquid dispersion towards the reactor (1); a flow transmitter (29) connected to said flow meter, located inside or outside said sealed camera (24), wherein said transmitter (29) generates an outlet signal proportional to the bubbles-free fluid velocity through a gas bubble exclusion cell and a calculation unit (30) which generates an output signal (31) proportional to the gas volume fraction in the aerated fluid.

A family of amine mining collectors that uses alkoxylates allows for the easy adjustment of solubility and molecular weight useful because anionic and cationic mineral collectors require such varying degrees of solubility and molecular weight. The family of the present invention allows for the optimization of both parameters and an increase in collector efficiency.

An ultrafine bubble cleaning apparatus uses a liquid containing ultrafine bubbles having a size of less than 30 nm to rinse fine particles adhered to soil, sand, etc. to separate and collect the fine particles. The ultrafine bubble cleaning apparatus includes a water tank-shaped reservoir, a stirring device, a supernatant discharge device including a pump for discharging a supernatant of the liquid in the reservoir, and a sedimentation extraction device. Substances are loaded into the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid stored in the reservoir, and the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid is repeatedly brought into contact with the surface of the substance using the stirring device. When ultrafine bubbles get into a space between fine metal particles adhered to the surfaces, cracks, and pits of the substances to be cleaned (including metal ions) and fine particles of organic substances including a solvent, a chemical, and oil, the fine particles are separated and floated.

An ultrafine bubble cleaning apparatus uses a liquid containing ultrafine bubbles having a size of less than 30 nm to rinse fine particles adhered to soil, sand, etc. to separate and collect the fine particles. The ultrafine bubble cleaning apparatus includes a water tank-shaped reservoir, a stirring device, a supernatant discharge device including a pump for discharging a supernatant of the liquid in the reservoir, and a sedimentation extraction device. Substances are loaded into the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid stored in the reservoir, and the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid is repeatedly brought into contact with the surface of the substance using the stirring device. When ultrafine bubbles get into a space between fine metal particles adhered to the surfaces, cracks, and pits of the substances to be cleaned (including metal ions) and fine particles of organic substances including a solvent, a chemical, and oil, the fine particles are separated and floated.

One method of treating incinerated waste comprises: size separating at least some of the incinerated waste into a first undersize fraction comprising particles smaller than the first separation size and into a first oversize fraction comprising particles larger than the first separation size; size reducing at least some of the first oversize fraction; size separating at least some of the size-reduced first oversize fraction into a second undersize fraction comprising particles smaller than the second separation size and into a second oversize fraction comprising particles larger than the second separation size; combining at least some of the first undersize fraction and at least some of the second undersize fraction into a fine fraction; and extracting metal from at least some of the fine fraction. Another method of treating incinerated waste comprises extracting metal by froth flotation from at least some of the incinerated waste. Systems are also disclosed.

One method of treating incinerated waste comprises: size separating at least some of the incinerated waste into a first undersize fraction comprising particles smaller than the first separation size and into a first oversize fraction comprising particles larger than the first separation size; size reducing at least some of the first oversize fraction; size separating at least some of the size-reduced first oversize fraction into a second undersize fraction comprising particles smaller than the second separation size and into a second oversize fraction comprising particles larger than the second separation size; combining at least some of the first undersize fraction and at least some of the second undersize fraction into a fine fraction; and extracting metal from at least some of the fine fraction. Another method of treating incinerated waste comprises extracting metal by froth flotation from at least some of the incinerated waste. Systems are also disclosed.

Methods and apparatus for separating and removing aflatoxin-contaminated corn from batches of corn by a floating process, thus producing a distinguishable floating mat of contaminated corn and a separate submerged bed of uncontaminated and less contaminated corn. The methods of this disclosure include removing the floating contaminated corn mat by a vacuum mechanism or by liquid flow. The methods reduce the aflatoxin level in the submerged corn bed as much as 80% from the initial aflatoxin level, while removing no more than 15% from the batch of corn.

Methods and apparatus for separating and removing aflatoxin-contaminated corn from batches of corn by a floating process, thus producing a distinguishable floating mat of contaminated corn and a separate submerged bed of uncontaminated and less contaminated corn. The methods of this disclosure include removing the floating contaminated corn mat by a vacuum mechanism or by liquid flow. The methods reduce the aflatoxin level in the submerged corn bed as much as 80% from the initial aflatoxin level, while removing no more than 15% from the batch of corn.