According to examples, a 3D printing system may include a feed line to receive build material particles from a material bin, an air pressure generator to generate airflow inside the feedline to move the build material particles through the feedline, and a cyclone separator to receive the airflow and the build material particles from the feed line and to separate the build material particles from the airflow. The cyclone separator may include a chamber wall, a build material particle discharge opening, and a tapered wall connecting the chamber wall and the build material particle discharge opening. In addition, a ratio between a diameter of the chamber and a diameter of the discharge opening may be between about 1.5 and about 4.0.

According to examples, a 3D printing system may include a feed line to receive build material particles from a material bin, an air pressure generator to generate airflow inside the feedline to move the build material particles through the feedline, and a cyclone separator to receive the airflow and the build material particles from the feed line and to separate the build material particles from the airflow. The cyclone separator may include a chamber wall, a build material particle discharge opening, and a tapered wall connecting the chamber wall and the build material particle discharge opening. In addition, a ratio between a diameter of the chamber and a diameter of the discharge opening may be between about 1.5 and about 4.0.

There is disclosed a desalinization apparatus, and methods related to desalinization. In an embodiment, a desalinization apparatus includes at least one port for receiving airflow therethrough, at least one port for receiving salt water therethrough, at least one output for providing outflow of pure water vapor, and at least one output for proving outflow of a mixture of water, salt and air; and a plurality of chambers for evaporating the salt water into the airflow, at least one of the chambers forming a plurality of ports arranged in a plurality of rows. In an embodiment, a method includes providing airflow to a desalinization apparatus; providing salt water to the desalinization apparatus; forming a vortex in the airflow to evaporate water vapor from the salt water; and providing the water vapor in the airflow to a condenser so as to obtain pure water.

There is disclosed a desalinization apparatus, and methods related to desalinization. In an embodiment, a desalinization apparatus includes at least one port for receiving airflow therethrough, at least one port for receiving salt water therethrough, at least one output for providing outflow of pure water vapor, and at least one output for proving outflow of a mixture of water, salt and air; and a plurality of chambers for evaporating the salt water into the airflow, at least one of the chambers forming a plurality of ports arranged in a plurality of rows. In an embodiment, a method includes providing airflow to a desalinization apparatus; providing salt water to the desalinization apparatus; forming a vortex in the airflow to evaporate water vapor from the salt water; and providing the water vapor in the airflow to a condenser so as to obtain pure water.

Separators for separating a multi-phase composition include a separator casing defining a chamber and a permeate outlet, at least one hydrocyclone within the separator casing, and at least one ceramic membrane. Each hydrocyclone includes a hydrocyclone inlet, a tapered section downstream of the hydrocyclone inlet, an accepted outlet, and a reject outlet. The ceramic membrane may be disposed within the separator casing and downstream of the accepted outlet of the hydrocyclone or may be disposed within at least a portion of the tapered section of the hydrocyclone. The ceramic membrane includes a retentate side and a permeate side, where the permeate side is in fluid communication with the chamber. Systems and methods for separating a multi-phase composition into a lesser-density fluid, a greater-density fluid, and a medium-density fluid using the separators are also disclosed.

Separators for separating a multi-phase composition include a separator casing defining a chamber and a permeate outlet, at least one hydrocyclone within the separator casing, and at least one ceramic membrane. Each hydrocyclone includes a hydrocyclone inlet, a tapered section downstream of the hydrocyclone inlet, an accepted outlet, and a reject outlet. The ceramic membrane may be disposed within the separator casing and downstream of the accepted outlet of the hydrocyclone or may be disposed within at least a portion of the tapered section of the hydrocyclone. The ceramic membrane includes a retentate side and a permeate side, where the permeate side is in fluid communication with the chamber. Systems and methods for separating a multi-phase composition into a lesser-density fluid, a greater-density fluid, and a medium-density fluid using the separators are also disclosed.

Separators for separating a multi-phase composition include a separator casing defining a chamber and a permeate outlet, at least one hydrocyclone within the separator casing, and at least one ceramic membrane. Each hydrocyclone includes a hydrocyclone inlet, a tapered section downstream of the hydrocyclone inlet, an accepted outlet, and a reject outlet. The ceramic membrane may be disposed within the separator casing and downstream of the accepted outlet of the hydrocyclone or may be disposed within at least a portion of the tapered section of the hydrocyclone. The ceramic membrane includes a retentate side and a permeate side, where the permeate side is in fluid communication with the chamber. Systems and methods for separating a multi-phase composition into a lesser-density fluid, a greater-density fluid, and a medium-density fluid using the separators are also disclosed.

Separators for separating a multi-phase composition include a separator casing defining a chamber and a permeate outlet, at least one hydrocyclone within the separator casing, and at least one ceramic membrane. Each hydrocyclone includes a hydrocyclone inlet, a tapered section downstream of the hydrocyclone inlet, an accepted outlet, and a reject outlet. The ceramic membrane may be disposed within the separator casing and downstream of the accepted outlet of the hydrocyclone or may be disposed within at least a portion of the tapered section of the hydrocyclone. The ceramic membrane includes a retentate side and a permeate side, where the permeate side is in fluid communication with the chamber. Systems and methods for separating a multi-phase composition into a lesser-density fluid, a greater-density fluid, and a medium-density fluid using the separators are also disclosed.

An adapter frame for mounting onto a base, in particular a suction device, a system box and/or a roller board, and for receiving a particle collecting container for a cyclone pre-separator, where the adapter frame includes a rectangular underside and adapter frame peripheral walls extending upwards from the underside, and lower adapter frame couplers, designed to provide a releasable, vertically tension-proof coupling to the base when the adapter frame is positioned on the base. The adapter frame on its upper side has a container receptacle for receiving the particle collecting container, the horizontal inner contour of which tapers towards the underside, so that the container receptacle is able to receive and horizontally stabilise a particle collecting container having an outer contour tapering downwards.

An adapter frame for mounting onto a base, in particular a suction device, a system box and/or a roller board, and for receiving a particle collecting container for a cyclone pre-separator, where the adapter frame includes a rectangular underside and adapter frame peripheral walls extending upwards from the underside, and lower adapter frame couplers, designed to provide a releasable, vertically tension-proof coupling to the base when the adapter frame is positioned on the base. The adapter frame on its upper side has a container receptacle for receiving the particle collecting container, the horizontal inner contour of which tapers towards the underside, so that the container receptacle is able to receive and horizontally stabilise a particle collecting container having an outer contour tapering downwards.