An apparatus for producing a fibrous material. The apparatus uses a first material source within which is disposed a first material and a second material source enclosing a second material. The first and second materials to be electrospun. A first and second tip attached to an end of the first and second material sources, with a collector spaced apart from the first and second material sources. A first and second electric field generator each produces a first and second signal each in the form of a sine wave and having a first and second frequency. The fibers are formed from the first and second materials as extracted from the respective first and second tips responsive to a first and second electric field generated between the respective first and second tips and the collector.

A system for fluid transport is provided where a quantity of fluid is held in a reservoir. A droplet generator is employed to generate droplets from the fluid, for example a nozzle-based system or a nozzleless system such as an acoustic ejection system. A generated droplet has a trajectory whereby it arrives at a target. A circuit is used to modify one or more characteristics of the generated droplet in a way which increases the likelihood that the droplet will not splash or bounce when it arrives at the target. The circuit may in different embodiments control the speed of the droplet or the Weber number of the droplet. The circuit may create an electric field in an area of space where the droplet passes. The circuit may charge the droplet by causing it to contact ions.

A nebulizer includes an aerosolizer, a controller, a power converter, a power source and a voltage detector. When the aerosolizer is requested to eject aerosolized liquid at a standard spraying speed, the controller sets a parameter value of a conversion parameter based on a stored standard value, transmits the parameter value to the power converter, and controls the power source to supply electric power. The power converter converts the electric power based on the parameter value to power the aerosolizer. Based on a stored expected value and a detected value generated by the voltage detector in response to operation of the aerosolizer, the controller controls the power source to adjust the voltage of the electric power supplied thereby.

Voltage application device includes voltage application circuit. Voltage application circuit applies a voltage to load including discharge electrode that holds liquid, voltage application circuit generating discharge in discharge electrode. During a drive period, voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of liquid, voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating liquid.

The present disclosure describes systems and methods to provide electrode cooling for material surface treatment systems. A cooling fluid is employed to cool electrodes with a high voltage applied. For example, a conduit conveys a cooling fluid through the electrode, as the conduit also provides electrification for the electrode by being connected to an electrical power source. Further, cooling is implemented by use of a voltage isolator disposed between the conduit and a reservoir, with the voltage isolator providing a pathway to a reference voltage for residual electric charge from the cooling fluid passing through the voltage isolator.

A particle can be discretely ejected from a orifice.

A method and apparatus for fabrication of objects retaining nano-scale characteristics. A composition is provided comprising grain growth inhibitor particles in solution with a binding agent in a molten phase. An electric field and a magnetic field are generated with a combined extraction electrode. The composition is electrosprayed from a nozzle with the electric field to form a stream of droplets. The electric field drives the droplets toward a moving stage holding an object comprising successive deposition layers. The magnetic field limits dispersion of the stream of droplets. The stage is moved laterally as the stream of droplets impacts the object to form a current deposition layer of the object. The stage is moved vertically as necessary to maintain a target stand-off distance between the nozzle and a previous deposition layer of the object, based on profile data of the previous deposition layer.

Electrospray devices are described. The devices may comprise a substrate and a plurality of emitters. The emitters may comprise a plurality of channels therein, wherein the channels may be configured to convey immiscible liquids to the distal end of the emitters. The channels may be arranged such that, at the distal end, one liquid enclosed another liquid. The device may comprise a plurality of reservoirs, each reservoir being configured to contain liquid therein and to convey the liquid to a respective channel. Core-shell droplets may be formed by forming Taylor cones through the application of an electric field. The core-shell droplets may include a core liquid enclosed within a shell liquid, wherein the two liquids may be immiscible.

Present embodiments include a system that includes a welding tool configured to receive a welding wire from a wire feeder, to receive welding power from a power source, and to supply the welding wire to a workpiece during a welding process. The system also includes a mechanical oscillation system configured to mechanically oscillate a structural component toward and away from the workpiece. The structural component is external to the wire feeder and the power source. The system further comprises control circuitry configured to control the welding power based on feedback relating to the welding process.

A system may include an electrostatic spray tool having a turbine generator configured to generate electrical power to electrostatically charge a spray. The spray tool also may include a controller configured to monitor the electrical power from the turbine generator and to instruct a gas supply to vary a gas flow to the turbine generator based on feedback received from one or more sensors.