The present invention provides a method for fabricating patterned cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite nanofibers and thin films for optical and electromagnetic sensor and actuator application, comprising the following steps of: selecting materials for fabricating patterned cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite nanofibers; and fabricating patterned CNCs composite nanofibers by incorporating secondary phases either during electrospinning or post-processing, wherein the secondary phases may include dielectrics, electrically or magnetically activated nanoparticles or polymers and biological cells mechanically reinforced by CNCs.

The present invention provides a two-dimensional material nanosheets with a large area and a controllable thickness and a general preparation method therefor. As an intralayer heat transfer coefficient of a two-dimensional material is much higher than an interlayer heat transfer coefficient thereof, the two-dimensional material is uniformly heated and sublimated layer by layer by controlling the energy of the laser pulses, a thinning thickness is controlled by adjusting the action time of the laser pulses, and finally, a two-dimensional material film with a controllable thickness is obtained. At the same time, a sample displacement stage moving freely in a two-dimensional plane space can realize preparation of the two-dimensional material film with a large area. Compared with traditional methods, the present invention can control a sample thickness of the two-dimensional material film, has a high generality, and is suitable for all kinds two-dimensional materials.

A system and/or method for coating a substrate. The system may include a chuck for holding and rotating the substrate, a dispensing subsystem for dispensing a coating material onto the substrate, and a shield member. The shield member may be movable towards and away from the substrate during the coating procedure. The shield member may have an inverted funnel shape. The shield member may include a central chamber through which a solvent vapor flows and a peripheral chamber that is fluidly separated from the central chamber through which a gas flows. During a coating procedure, the shield member may be moved very close to the substrate and the solvent vapor and gas may flow onto the substrate to create a solvent rich ambient around the substrate and prevent aerosols of the coating material from redepositing onto the substrate after being flung off due to spinning of the substrate.

A method for manufacturing a golf ball having a non-uniform dot pattern is provided. Firstly, a semi-finished product of a golf ball is provided, which includes a ball body and a base layer covering an outer surface of the ball body. After that, the semi-finished product of the golf ball is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed, and a color paint is applied to the semi-finished product of the golf ball in a spraying manner from each of an upper position and a lower position.

A method of applying heat shield material to form a heat shield layer on a crown surface of a piston of an engine is provided. The method includes the steps of disposing a dispenser that linearly discharges the heat shield material toward the crown surface, and moving an applied position of the heat shield material with respect to the crown surface in a circumferential direction of the crown surface, while discharging the heat shield material from the dispenser toward the crown surface.

Systems and methods for fabricating optical elements in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a method for fabricating an optical element, the method including providing a first optical substrate, depositing a first layer of a first optical recording material onto the first optical substrate, applying an optical exposure process to the first layer to form a first optical structure, temporarily erasing the first optical structure, depositing a second layer of a second optical recording material, and applying an optical exposure process to the second layer to form a second optical structure, wherein the optical exposure process includes using at least one light beam traversing the first layer.

Provided are certain silicon precursor compounds which are useful in the formation of silicon-containing films in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, and more specifically to compositions and methods for forming such silicon-containing films, such as films comprising silicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon dioxide, a carbon-doped silicon nitride, or a carbon-doped silicon oxynitride film.

A vessel has a lumen defined at least in part by a wall. The wall has an interior surface facing the lumen, an outer surface, and a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) coating set supported by the wall. The PECVD coating set comprises a water barrier coating or layer having a water contact angle from 80 to 180 degrees, applied using a precursor comprising at least one of a saturated or unsaturated fluorocarbon precursor having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Optionally, the coating set includes an SiOx gas barrier coating or layer from 2 to 1000 nm thick, in which x is from 1.5 to 2.9 as measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optionally other related coatings.

A methodology is provided for generating hydrophobic superhydrophobic, oleophobic and/or superoleophobic surfaces. Compositions of matter made of a substrate having deposited on a surface thereof (e.g., by thermal evaporation) hydrocarbon waxes, including fluorinated waxes, are disclosed. Process of preparing such compositions of matter and articles of manufacturing incorporating such compositions are also disclosed. Further disclosed are articles of manufacturing and methods which are useful in inhibiting, reducing and/or retarding biofilm formation, and which include applying waxes (e.g., by thermal evaporation) on a surface of the articles.

A substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate holder, a processing liquid supply and a cover unit. The substrate holder holds a substrate horizontally and rotate the substrate. The processing liquid supply supplies a processing liquid toward a first surface of the substrate held by the substrate holder. The cover unit faces a second surface of the substrate, the second surface being opposite to the first surface. The cover unit includes a heater configured to heat the substrate. The cover unit is provided with an opening at a position corresponding to a central portion of the substrate and multiple gas supply openings, at an outer peripheral side than the opening, through which a gas is supplied toward the second surface of the substrate. The gas is heated by the heater. A supply amount of at least some of the gas is adjusted based on a rotation speed of the substrate.