A manufacturing method of anti-fog coatings on lenses is provided. The method includes: a lens assembling step, a lens spraying step, a pre-drying step, a curing step and a lens obtaining step. In the lens assembling step, a plurality of lenses are disposed on a base of a movable carrier. In the lens spraying step, the plurality of lenses are moved to a spraying device and sprayed with a light-curable anti-fog material on a surface thereof. In the pre-drying step, any extra light-curable anti-fog materials are removed from the plurality of lenses by a suction device. In the curing step, the plurality of lenses are placed into a light curing apparatus and radiated by the ultraviolet lights to form an anti-fog coating on the surface of the plurality of lenses. In the lens obtaining step, the plurality of lenses are taken out of the light curing apparatus.

A wet cylinder liner for internal combustion engines may include a cylindrical body composed of a ferrous alloy having a circumferential outer surface. The cylindrical body may include a first layer and a second layer disposed sequentially on the outer surface. The first layer may include at least one of at least one silicon and at least one two-component epoxy adhesive. The second layer may include a silane-elastomer compound. The silane-elastomer compound may include nanoparticles of silicon oxide and an adhesion modifier additive. The second layer may be configured as an interface between a cooling fluid and the first layer, as well as to resist erosion by cavitation. The first layer may facilitate an interface for resistance at high temperatures.

Application of liquid material is carried out without causing variations in discharge amount even on a stage under heating while temperature of a liquid material is adjusted by a temperature control device. A liquid material discharge device includes a discharge port, a liquid chamber in communication with the discharge port, and a temperature control device adjusting a temperature of the liquid chamber, the liquid material discharge device discharging the liquid material from the discharge port while a workpiece and the discharge port are moved relative to each other. The liquid material discharge device also includes a coolant flow path through which a coolant for heat exchange with the temperature control device flows, and a discharge control device controlling a discharge operation. An application device including the liquid material discharge device and an application method using the application device are also provided.

A surface treatment apparatus includes a treatment vessel including a treatment space in which a metal component is disposed, a spray nozzle that supplies mist of a non-chromate conversion treatment liquid to the treatment space, and a circulation device that collects the non-chromate conversion treatment liquid from the treatment space and supplies the non-chromate conversion treatment liquid to the spray nozzle.

A surface treatment apparatus includes a treatment vessel including a treatment space in which a metal component is disposed, a spray nozzle that supplies mist of a non-chromate conversion treatment liquid to the treatment space, and a circulation device that collects the non-chromate conversion treatment liquid from the treatment space and supplies the non-chromate conversion treatment liquid to the spray nozzle.

Subject matter of the present invention is a method of applying coating layers (9) to a substrate (1, 11, 21, 31), wherein the substrate (1, 11, 21, 31) is drawn through a coating chamber (2) containing a pressurized coating agent (3) being liquefied or softened by means of a thermal exposure, wherein the substrate (1, 11, 21, 31) is drawn through a drawing tool (8), wherein the coating agent (3) serves as a lubricant between the drawing tool (8) and a surface of the substrate (8) and wherein at the same time the coating layer (9) is applied to the surface of the substrate (8). Subject matter of the invention is also a corresponding apparatus for applying a coating layer (9) to a substrate (1, 11, 21, 31). By means of the invention coating layers can be applied to a substrate in an efficient and economical way.

The present invention provides a dried gel sheet manufacturing apparatus and method, and a gel sheet. The dried gel sheet manufacturing apparatus includes an applying unit 2 which includes gravure rolls 22a and 22b to apply a hydrogel composition of a reserving tank 24 on a supporting member M which is conveyed together with a lower film Fa to form a sheet shaped hydrogel H, a cooling drying unit 4 which cools the sheet shaped hydrogel H using a cooling plate 44 to be solidified while being transported; and a heating drying unit 6 which dries and irons the solidified sheet shaped hydrogel by a combination of a heater roll group 64 and a nozzle unit 66 or the nozzle unit 66, a dry conveyer 68, a godet roller 70 or a nozzle unit 66, a dry conveyer 68, a heater roll group 64, or a nozzle unit 66 and a godet roller 70 to obtain a gel sheet G2. Further, a dried gel sheet manufacturing method through the apparatus includes an applying step of forming a sheet shaped hydrogel H by a lower film Fa and protecting the sheet shaped hydrogel by adhering the upper film Fb on a top surface; a cooling drying step of passing the sheet shaped hydrogel H at a low temperature atmosphere to be solidified, and a heating drying step of receiving and separating the upper and lower films Fb and Fa from the sheet shaped hydrogel H which is solidified by the cooling and heating and drying the front and rear surfaces by ironing the sheet shaped hydrogel to collect the gel sheet S2. Through the manufacturing method, a gel sheet G2 which is formed to be a film so that density of the front and rear surfaces is higher than a center portion and a beauty pack obtained by pressing the gel sheet S2 by the mask member MP are suggested.

A streakless car polish formulation can be applied easily, by the car owner or in a commercial setting, and does not leave any objectionable residue after application. The formulation involves a silicone emulsion and a fluorosurfactant carried in aqueous solution of alcohol and water, and may include a minor amount of sodium benzoate. The product increases the hydrophilicity of automotive painted or glass surfaces, so that water does not bead up.

The present invention relates to a process of fabricating P(VDF-TrFE) films by modifying the solvent composition. Two solvents MEK and DMSO were mixed in pre-determined ratios and that co-solvent mixture was used for fabricating the P(VDF-TrFE) films. By virtue of such method driven P(VDF-TrFE) films, the ferroelectric capacitors comprising of the same were found to achieve low voltage operation, thermal stability and fatigue endurance, which indicated improved ferroelectric performance of the devices. In addition, the films made by same process also yielded high piezo- and pyro-electric coefficient, indicating improved piezo- and pyro-electric performances of the devices.

A modification method of a surface of a base includes applying a composition on a surface layer of a base to form a coating film. The surface layer contains a metal atom. The coating is heated. The composition contains a polymer and a solvent. The polymer includes at an end of a main chain or at an end of a side chain thereof, a functional group that is at least one selected from: a group represented by the following formula (1); a group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond; and a group containing an aromatic hydroxy group. In the formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and n is an integer of 1 to 10, wherein in a case in which n is no less than 2, a plurality of R.sup.1s are identical or different. ##STR00001##