In a second liquid supply step, a second liquid film and a first liquid film surrounding a side of the second liquid film are formed on an upper surface of a substrate. Then, in a vapor layer formation step, by heating the substrate, a second vapor layer is formed by evaporating the second liquid contacting the upper surface of the substrate, and the second liquid film is held on the second vapor layer. Since the second liquid included in the second liquid film has a high vapor pressure, a height position of a lower surface of the floating second liquid film may be kept high. By blowing a gas to the floating second liquid film, a hole is formed in the second liquid film, and by expanding the hole toward an outer periphery of the substrate, the first liquid and the second liquid are removed outside the substrate.

The present invention relates to the field of magnetic assemblies and processes for producing optical effect layers (OELs) comprising magnetically oriented non-spherical magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles on a substrate. In particular, the present invention relates to magnetic assemblies processes for producing said OELs as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes.

A method for manufacturing of a multilayer PVC semi-finished product, in particular a multilayer PVC synthetic leather or a multilayer PVC foam sheet, the method comprising the steps of:

a. Coating a coated or uncoated carrier web with a PVC plastisol, whereby a carrier web coated with an ungelled plastisol layer is obtained; thereafter
b. Gelling the ungelled plastisol layer, whereby a carrier web coated with a gelled plastisol layer is obtained; and thereafter
c. Cooling the carrier web coated with the gelled plastisol layer; characterized in that the coating comprises coating the carrier web with at least two PVC plastisols one above the other, simultaneously or in immediate succession. A corresponding apparatus is further described.

A coating system includes a plurality of liquid immersion workstations positioned along an arcuate path, the plurality of liquid immersion workstations defining a single complete coating process for a sequence of objects. A plurality of curing workstations are configured to independently receive objects of the sequence of objects exiting the plurality of liquid immersion workstations. An articulated robotic arm has a base positioned inside the arcuate path in top plan view such that the robotic arm is operable to carry each object of the sequence of objects through each of the plurality of liquid immersion workstations and to exactly one of the plurality of curing workstations. An articulated robotic hand is provided at a distal end of the robotic arm and configured to grasp and hold each of the objects and to oscillate the object while submerged in each of the plurality of liquid immersion workstations.

A spray device (A) according to the present disclosure includes: a two-fluid nozzle (11) which sprays a mist (91); a spray-device-side gas flow path (12) for supplying a gas to the two-fluid nozzle (11); a gas supply source (17) which supplies the gas to the spray-device-side gas flow path (12); a spray-device-side liquid flow path (13) for supplying a liquid to the two-fluid nozzle (11); a liquid supply source (18) which supplies the liquid to the spray-device-side liquid flow path (13); a pulse-driven liquid flow control valve (14) having a valve opening degree that is adjusted according to a pulse signal to control the flow rate of the liquid in the spray-device-side liquid flow path (13); and a controller (30) which adjusts, in multiple levels, the concentration of the mist (91) sprayed from the two-fluid nozzle 11 by adjusting the valve opening degree of the liquid flow control valve 14.

A method for forming a resultant material. The method can include obtaining a base material including a fibrous material with a plurality of fiber portions extending from a face of the base material. The method further can include treating at least the face of the base material, the treating at least the face including applying heat along at least a portion of the face with a treatment unit to at least partially remove the plurality of fiber portions extending from the face.

A conductor includes a plurality of metal nanostructures and an organic material, where a portion of the organic material surrounding each of the metal nanostructures is selectively removed, and the conductor has a haze of less than or equal to about 1.1, a light transmittance of greater than or equal to about 85% at about 550 nm, and a sheet resistance of less than or equal to about 100 Ω/sq. An electronic device includes the conductor, and a method of manufacturing a conductor includes preparing a conductive film including a metal nanostructure and an organic material, and selectively removing the organic material from the conductive film using a cluster ion beam sputtering.

The present invention has been made in an effort to provide an adhesive coating composition capable of adhering (fastening) a non-oriented electrical steel sheet without using a conventional fastening method such as welding, clamping, or interlocking, a non-oriented electrical steel sheet stack to which the same is applied, and a manufacturing method thereof. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an adhesive coating composition includes: 40 to 99 wt % of a first component containing a water-soluble resin; and 1 to 60 wt % of a second component containing a composite metal phosphate.

A substrate processing method is a method of processing a substrate on which a metal-containing liquid for a film below a resist is applied, wherein prior to a heating process of performing a heat treatment on the substrate applied with the metal-containing liquid, the substrate processing method includes: a deprotection promoting process of promoting deprotection of functional groups in a material for the film included in the substrate on which the metal-containing liquid has been applied; a solvent removing process of removing a solvent included in the metal-containing liquid on the substrate; and a moisture absorbing process of bringing a surface of the substrate into contact with moisture.

A method for producing an aligned boron nitride nanotube film includes drying a dispersion containing boron nitride nanotubes, a biopolymer, and a solvent.