A superhydrophobic coating composition is provided comprising an NP component and a radical initiator (RI), wherein the NP component comprises NP particles having organic moieties bound to the surface of the NP particles. Also provided is a superhydrophobic coating composition further comprising a fluid. Also provided is a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic (SH) surface, where the method includes mixing an NP component with at least one RI and possibly with a fluid, thereby providing a coating composition, applying the coating composition onto a substrate (pre-coated or containing oxides) thereby providing a coated substrate; and applying radiation to the coated substrate, thereby providing the SH surface on which at least part of the NP component is covalently bound, directly or indirectly, to the substrate.

A superhydrophobic coating composition is provided comprising an NP component and a radical initiator (RI), wherein the NP component comprises NP particles having organic moieties bound to the surface of the NP particles. Also provided is a superhydrophobic coating composition further comprising a fluid. Also provided is a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic (SH) surface, where the method includes mixing an NP component with at least one RI and possibly with a fluid, thereby providing a coating composition, applying the coating composition onto a substrate (pre-coated or containing oxides) thereby providing a coated substrate; and applying radiation to the coated substrate, thereby providing the SH surface on which at least part of the NP component is covalently bound, directly or indirectly, to the substrate.

Methods of protecting a submerged surface include applying an adhesion-promoting layer onto a surface. An inner polymer layer is applied onto the adhesion-promoting layer. The inner polymer layer is impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that inhibits biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage. An outer polymer layer is applied onto the inner polymer layer. The outer polymer layer is impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that inhibits biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage and that repels biofouling organisms to prevent invasion of the inner polymer layer.

Methods and apparatus for vacuum forming and subsequently applying topical coatings fiber-based food containers. The slurry includes one or more of an embedded moisture barrier, vapor barrier, and oil barrier, and the topical coating comprises one or more of a vapor barrier, a moisture barrier, an oil barrier, and an oxygen barrier, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sugar alcohol, citric acid, and cellulose nanofibrils.

Described herein is a method of using aromatic and/or araliphatic carboxylic acids in preparation of aqueous basecoat materials for the purpose of improving the adhesion of the aqueous basecoat materials to overbaked clearcoat materials. Also described herein is a method for producing a multicoat paint system, where a basecoat material is applied directly to an overbaked clearcoat film.

Provided is a method for preparing a silica layer, comprising bringing to gelation a precursor layer formed from a precursor composition comprising a silica precursor, an acid catalyst and a surfactant.

The present disclosure provides multilayer films including a first layer disposed adjacent to a painted surface, the first layer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a semi-polar polymer such as a polysilazane (PSZ), polysiloxazane or a copolymer of polysilazane and polysiloxane repeat units (e.g., a polysiloxazane); and an outer layer disposed opposite the painted surface, the outer layer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a non-polar material such as a crosslinked hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane or a crosslinked silanol-terminated polydialkylsiloxane.

Discontinuous coatings and methods of forming such coatings including transiting a substrate through a vaporization area, providing a reactant vapor comprising at least one vaporized monomer or oligomer to the vaporization area, and chemically reacting the at least one vaporized monomer or oligomer to form a discontinuous layer on the substrate, optionally wherein chemically reacting further includes polymerization. The discontinuous layer may be a patterned, semi-patterned, or random discontinuous layer.

Methods and apparatus for vacuum forming and subsequently applying topical coatings fiber-based food containers. The slurry includes one or more of an embedded moisture barrier, vapor barrier, and oil barrier, and the topical coating comprises one or more of a vapor barrier, a moisture barrier, an oil barrier, and an oxygen barrier, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sugar alcohol, citric acid, and cellulose nanofibrils.

A production method including: a step of forming, on a substrate layer containing a polypropylene resin or a polyester resin, a metal oxide layer by a vacuum film forming process; a step of applying a gas barrier coating layer-forming composition on the metal oxide layer to form a coating film; a step of preheating the coating film by infrared radiation; and a step of heating and thereby curing the coating film preheated by infrared radiation in an atmosphere at 50 to 120? C. to form a gas barrier coating layer, in which the gas barrier coating layer-forming composition contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silicon alkoxide and its hydrolysate, and a water-soluble polymer.