The present disclosure provides fluid barriers as well as systems and methods of forming fluid barriers. The method includes cleaning, via a blast media, a first side of a component and heating the component to a first temperature. Subsequently, the component is cleaned using a solvent. Subsequent to heating at least the component, a primer coating layer is formed on the first side of the component, and a topcoat layer is formed in contact with the primer coating layer. A primer coating material can be heated to a second temperature prior to formation of the primer coating layer. The first temperature can be different than the second temperature.

A method for imparting an optical element with at least one light influencing property in a gradient pattern. The method includes (a) providing an optical substrate having first and second surfaces; (b) depositing a first composition over the first surface of the optical substrate so as to provide a first treated surface region and an untreated surface region, the first composition including a material which provides a light influencing property; (c) depositing a second composition over the optical substrate of (b) to provide a second treated surface region over the untreated surface region and over a portion of the first treated surface region to form a first overlap region; and (d) spinning the optical substrate of (c) thereby providing the optical element having a light influencing property in a gradient pattern.

An object achieved by the present invention is to provide a coated article having excellent appearance, corrosion resistance, weatherability, and chipping resistance obtained by a wet-on-wet coating. The present invention provides a method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising the steps of forming, on a substrate, an uncured coating film of a primer paint composition (A) containing an epoxy resin (a1) having a weight average molecular weight of 20000 or more and pigments, forming, on the uncured coating film, a top coating film of a top paint composition (B) containing an acrylic resin (b1) and the like, and simultaneously drying the films, wherein the uncured coating film of the primer paint composition (A) during application of the top paint composition (B) has a viscosity of 5 Pa.Math.s to 1000 Pa.Math.s, and the value ΔNV obtained by subtracting the value (NV1) of application mass solids content (%) of the primer paint composition (A) from the value (NV2) of mass solids content (%) of the uncured coating film of the primer paint composition (A) during the application of the top paint composition is 15 or more.

A graded-index optical element may include a nanovoided material including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The nanovoided material may be transparent between the first surface and the second surface. Additionally, the nanovoided material may have a predefined change in effective refractive index in at least one axis due to a change in at least one of nanovoid size or nanovoid distribution along the at least one axis. Various other elements, devices, systems, materials, and methods are also disclosed.

An anticorrosive coating includes a first curable liquid layer to the associated substrate, the first layer having a thickness of at least about 100 micrometers, wherein the first layer includes at least one polymer or at least one monomer, quasi-one-dimensional particles or quasi-two-dimensional particles, sacrificial metal particles, and a solvent, wherein a percolation threshold of the particles is not reached in the presence of the solvent, wherein the percolation threshold of the particles is reached when between about 1% and about 20% of the solvent evaporates, applying a second curable liquid layer having a thickness of at least 100 micrometers on the top of the first layer after the percolation threshold of the particles is reached and viscosity of the first layer increases more than 50%, and allowing the first layer and the second layer to cure simultaneously.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide optical element transfer structures that include an optical element releasably coupled with a transfer medium and methods of making and using the optical element transfer structures. The optical element transfer structures can be used to dispose an optical element onto an article, whereby the optical element imparts a structural color to the article.

Provided is an aqueous coating composition capable of forming a coating film having superior metallic coating film appearance and coating film properties and reducing the amount of an organic solvent to be used. Also provided is a method for forming a metallic coating film using such an aqueous coating composition. Provided is an aqueous coating composition comprising a coating film-forming resin, a curing agent, a scaly pigment, an inorganic viscosity agent, a hydrophobic associative viscosity agent, and a dispersant, wherein the composition contains the inorganic viscosity agent in an amount of 1 to 7 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the total resin solid content of the coating film-forming resin and the curing agent, and the composition contains the hydrophobic associative viscosity agent in an amount of 1 to 15 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the total resin solid content of the coating film-forming resin and the curing agent.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide optical element transfer structures that include an optical element releasably coupled with a transfer medium and methods of making and using the optical element transfer structures. The optical element transfer structures can be used to dispose an optical element onto an article, whereby the optical element imparts a structural color to the article.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide components for an article of manufacture, having a film with an optical element that imparts a structural color to the component. The present disclosure also provide methods for making components with the films and optical element, and articles of manufacture including the component.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.