One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.

A form birefringent optical element includes a structured layer and a dielectric environment disposed over the structured layer. At least one of the structured layer and the dielectric environment includes a nanovoided polymer, the nanovoided polymer having a first refractive index in an unactuated state and a second refractive index different than the first refractive index in an actuated state. Actuation of the nanovoided polymer can be used to reversibly control the form birefringence of the optical element. Various other apparatuses, systems, materials, and methods are also disclosed.

A modified polyamic acid, a preparation method thereof, and a preparation method of a composite film are provided. The modified polyamic acid includes polyamic acid and polyvinylidene fluoride. The modified polyamic acid is formed by introducing polyvinylidene fluoride having good thermal stability, high dielectric constant, excellent piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties, so the dielectric constant and structural adjustability of the modified polyamic acid are improved.

A modified polyamic acid, a preparation method thereof, and a preparation method of a composite film are provided. The modified polyamic acid includes polyamic acid and polyvinylidene fluoride. The modified polyamic acid is formed by introducing polyvinylidene fluoride having good thermal stability, high dielectric constant, excellent piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties, so the dielectric constant and structural adjustability of the modified polyamic acid are improved.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to components having an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or article. The present disclosure is also directed to articles of manufacture including the component having an optical element, and methods for making components and articles having an optical element that imparts structural color.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.

The present disclosure relates to a composite membrane and a packaging structure. The composite membrane comprises: a carrier layer; and an information layer, wherein the information layer is disposed on one side of the carrier layer along thickness direction of the composite membrane, and the information layer further comprises a light-transmitting layer, a first pattern layer, and a second pattern layer, which are disposed along the thickness direction of the composite membrane, wherein: the first pattern layer is disposed close to the carrier layer; the light-transmitting layer is disposed on one side of the first pattern facing layer away from the carrier layer; the second pattern layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting layer facing away from the carrier layer, and the second pattern layer and the first pattern layer present different visual information of one multi-dimensional object.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide components for an article of manufacture, having a film with an optical element that imparts a structural color to the component. The present disclosure also provide methods for making components with the films and optical element, and articles of manufacture including the component.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to components having an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or article. The present disclosure is also directed to articles of manufacture including the component having an optical element, and methods for making components and articles having an optical element that imparts structural color.

A graded-index optical element may include a nanovoided material including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The nanovoided material may be transparent between the first surface and the second surface. Additionally, the nanovoided material may have a predefined change in effective refractive index in at least one axis due to a change in at least one of nanovoid size or nanovoid distribution along the at least one axis. Various other elements, devices, systems, materials, and methods are also disclosed.