A method of forming an ultrasonic transducer device includes forming a patterned metal electrode layer over a substrate, the patterned metal electrode layer comprising a lower layer and an upper layer formed on the lower layer; forming an insulation layer over the patterned metal electrode layer; and planarizing the insulation layer to the upper layer of the patterned metal electrode layer, wherein the upper layer comprises a electrically conductive material that serves as a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) stop layer that has CMP selectivity with respect to the insulation layer and the lower layer, and wherein the upper layer has a CMP removal rate slower than that of the insulation layer.

An assembly including: a printed circuit board (PCB) having a first surface and a second surface; at least one energy transmitter mounted on the first surface; at least one cooling element associated with the PCB second surface, wherein the cooling element is configured to cool the at least one energy transmitter via the PCB.

An assembly including: a printed circuit board (PCB) having a first surface and a second surface; at least one energy transmitter mounted on the first surface; at least one cooling element associated with the PCB second surface, wherein the cooling element is configured to cool the at least one energy transmitter via the PCB.

An electronic device includes a plurality of CMOS control elements arranged in a two-dimensional array and a plurality of MEMS devices. Each CMOS control element of the plurality of CMOS control elements includes at least one of a low voltage semiconductor device, a high voltage PMOS semiconductor device, and a high voltage NMOS semiconductor device. Each MEMS device of the plurality of MEMS devices is associated with a CMOS control element of the plurality of CMOS control elements. The plurality of CMOS control elements are arranged in the two-dimensional array such that low voltage semiconductor devices are only adjacent to other low voltage semiconductor devices, high voltage PMOS semiconductor devices are only adjacent to other high voltage PMOS semiconductor devices, and high voltage NMOS semiconductor devices are only adjacent to other high voltage NMOS semiconductor devices.

An apparatus for novel technique of high-speed magnetic recording based on manipulating pinning layer in magnetic tunnel junction-based memory by using terahertz magnon laser is provided. The apparatus comprises a terahertz writing head configured to generate a tunable terahertz writing signal and a memory cell including a spacer that comprises a thickness configured based on Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction. The memory cell comprises two separate memory states: a first binary state and a second binary state; wherein the first binary memory state corresponds to a ferromagnetic sign of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction corresponding to a first thickness value of the spacer; and wherein the second binary memory state corresponds to an antiferromagnetic sign of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction corresponding to a second thickness value of the spacer. The thickness of the spacer is manipulated by the tunable terahertz writing signal.

An apparatus for novel technique of high-speed magnetic recording based on manipulating pinning layer in magnetic tunnel junction-based memory by using terahertz magnon laser is provided. The apparatus comprises a terahertz writing head configured to generate a tunable terahertz writing signal and a memory cell including a spacer that comprises a thickness configured based on Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction. The memory cell comprises two separate memory states: a first binary state and a second binary state; wherein the first binary memory state corresponds to a ferromagnetic sign of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction corresponding to a first thickness value of the spacer; and wherein the second binary memory state corresponds to an antiferromagnetic sign of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction corresponding to a second thickness value of the spacer. The thickness of the spacer is manipulated by the tunable terahertz writing signal.

A process and apparatus for extracting cannabinoids from cannabis plant material plant material and for transporting low concentrations of cannabinoids in a solution of solvent may include a solvent tank, a hopper, and one or more pumps. A plurality of valves may also be incorporated into the invention. Plant material may be soaked, washed, and/or rinsed with a solvent that extracts essential elements from cannabis plant matter. The process may minimally include filling a hopper with plant mater, moving solvent from a solvent tank to the hopper, and moving solvent back to the solvent tank after an extraction. Repeating this process a plurality of times with new plant material increases the concentration cannabinoids in the solvent tank after each time the process is performed.

Provided are an ultrasonic device and a device for generating mechanical vibration. The ultrasonic device includes an ultrasonic probe and the device for generating mechanical vibration, where the device for generating mechanical vibration includes a vibration generator (1), a damping component (2), and a pressure component (3); the damping component (2) is fixed between the vibration generator (1) and the pressure component (3); the ultrasonic probe is connected to the pressure component (3); and the vibration generator (1) is configured to generate a vibration when a pressure value detected by the pressure component (3) falls into a preset range.

Multi-stage acoustophoretic devices for continuously separating a second fluid or a particulate from a host fluid are disclosed. Methods of operating the multi-stage acoustophoretic devices are also disclosed. The systems may include multiple acoustophoretic devices fluidly connected to one another in series, each acoustophoretic device comprising a flow chamber, an ultrasonic transducer capable of creating a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave, and a reflector. The systems can further include pumps and flowmeters.

In accordance with the present disclosure, ultrasound-based techniques using a combined scanning and treatment array module are employed to find and treat anomalies corresponding to bleed events. By way of example, ultrasound data may be acquired with a scanning array at one or more locations on a patient anatomy. A treatment array may deliver heat to a targeted anomaly to provide therapy. Such a technique may be useful outside of a hospital environment.