Power plant boiler sand comprising a clay-based binder film (3) on the surface of a grain of sand (2). In addition, a method and apparatus for producing power plant boiler sand.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

In batchwise operation, the granulate grains (4) are filled into the dedusting container (9), which has no closure element at the lower granule outlet opening (25) and in which the whirling nozzles (31) for introducing compressed air are arranged in a lower cone (28), and—in particular depending on the filling level in the intermediate container (14) below—are filled into the dedusting container (9)

either dropped downwards without counterflow (32), dedusting being effected by conveying out the introduced air, optionally due to the negative pressure at the upper air outlet opening, whereby only freely suspended dust particles are sucked off

or already during the filling process a counterflow (32) is introduced, which partially does not allow the filled granulate grains (4) to fall through the granulate outlet opening (25) but holds them quasi floating at the level of the lower third or lower quarter of the dedusting container (9).

By controlling the counterflow (32), the height of the reversal area (30) of the highly turbulent granulate grains (4) and also the residence time of the granulate grains (4) in the dedusting container (9) can be controlled, so that the device can also be operated in continuous operation.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

A method for separating a particulate stream of an evaporite mineral feedstock, the method comprising passing the stream to an air classifier configured to separate the particulate stream into a fine component and a coarse component.

A method for recovering metals from waste in which material is roughly or coarsely separated to leave a fibrous feedstock, the feedstock is comminuted with a mill (e.g., a ball mill) to liberate and separate the fibrous feedstock to obtain a mix of a metal fraction and residue, and the metals fraction and the residue are collected. There is a system employing the same to treat such materials.

A method for recovering metals from waste in which material is roughly or coarsely separated to leave a fibrous feedstock, the feedstock is comminuted with a mill (e.g., a ball mill) to liberate and separate the fibrous feedstock to obtain a mix of a metal fraction and residue, and the metals fraction and the residue are collected. There is a system employing the same to treat such materials.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.