Extruded cylinder liners and methods of forming the same are disclosed. The extruded engine cylinder liner may include a cylindrical body having a longitudinal axis and defining an inner surface and an outer surface. A plurality of spaced apart features may protrude from the outer surface and may extend in a direction oblique to the longitudinal axis. The method may include extruding a metal material through a die to form a cylindrical body defining an inner surface and an outer surface and a plurality of spaced apart features protruding from the outer surface. The die may be rotated about a longitudinal axis during at least a portion of the extruding step such that the features extend in a direction oblique to the longitudinal axis. The oblique features may allow parent casting material to enter channels therebetween and prevent the liner from moving in the vertical and horizontal directions.

An extrusion of a magnesium-based alloy consisting of, by weight: 0.5 to 1.5% manganese, 0.15 to 0.4% rare earth including lanthanum wherein the lanthanum content of the alloy is 0.15% to less than 0.3%, and up to 0.1% strontium, the balance being magnesium except for incidental impurities which includes zinc.

A system and method provide a material with uniform micro-structure. In an embodiment, an equal channel angular extrusion system includes an interior mandrel. The interior mandrel includes an expanding shear material section and a contracting shear material section. In addition, the system includes a material. The material is disposed about a portion of the interior mandrel. Moreover, the system includes a pressure application device. The pressure application device applies pressure to the material to force the material to contact the expanding shear material section to provide an expanded post-shear material section. Pressure from the pressure application device applies pressure to the material to force the expanded post-shear material section to contact the contracting shear material section to provide a contracted shear material section.

Some embodiments are directed to a support structure for use with a vehicle, the vehicle having a frame to which the support structure is attached. The support structure can include an elongated pillar defining a hollow portion extending therethrough. The elongated pillar can also define at least two rectangular channels approximately rectangular in cross-section extending through the hollow portion along a direction of elongation of the pillar. The elongated pillar can also define one other channel having a non-parallelogram cross-section extending through the hollow portion along a direction of elongation of the pillar.

A titanium-containing structure made of a titanium material includes: a package made of a commercially pure titanium material; and a filler packed into the package, wherein an internal pressure of the package is 10 Pa or less, the pressure being an absolute pressure, and wherein the filler includes at least one selected from titanium sponge, titanium briquet, and titanium scrap, and the filler has the same type of a chemical composition of the commercially pure titanium material. This titanium-containing structure enables production of a titanium product by performing hot working and eliminating the conventional melting step and forging step.

A shear device (21) of an extrusion press having a booster mechanism using an air cylinder or electric motor to supplement thrust to an amount corresponding to hydraulic pressure is provided. A fastening part pressing against a die stack (4) is configured by a booster mechanism using a lever and a shear guide (24) is pressed against a horseshoe (13) to fasten it in the extrusion direction. Further, a clearance between a surface of the die stack and a shear knife can be held constant. Also, a booster mechanism using a lever is employed for a tilt mechanism for the shear guide in the extrusion press.

An extrusion apparatus includes an extruder, a run-out table that supports an extruded material that has been extruded from the extruder, a feed roller and a pulling roller that are provided at a given interval so as to be able to come in rolling contact with the extruded material that is situated on the run-out table, and a cooling section that cools the extruded material between the feed roller and the pulling roller, wherein the feed roller and the pulling roller apply a tensile force to the extruded material while the extruded material advances from the feed roller to the pulling roller.

An extrusion apparatus includes an extruder, a run-out table that supports an extruded material that has been extruded from the extruder, a feed roller and a pulling roller that are provided at a given interval so as to be able to come in rolling contact with the extruded material that is situated on the run-out table, and a cooling section that cools the extruded material between the feed roller and the pulling roller, wherein the feed roller and the pulling roller apply a tensile force to the extruded material while the extruded material advances from the feed roller to the pulling roller.

A method for the calibration or end sizing of a hollow profile component produced by extrusion for automobile manufacturing. The hollow profile component is inserted into the cavity of an opened press tool and closing the press tool. Expandable mandrels are introduced into the open profile ends of the hollow profile component. The hollow profile component is calibrated or end-sized by applying force simultaneously on the outside and on the inside. The expandable mandrels are retracted, opening of the press tool, and removing of the hollow profile component.

A vertical bundle air-cooled heat exchanger, In one embodiment, the invention can be a vertical bundle air-cooled condenser comprising: at least one tube bundle assembly comprising; a tube bundle comprising a plurality of finned tubes arranged in a substantially vertical and side-by-side orientation, each of the plurality of finned tubes comprising a cavity; a top header pipe comprising an inlet header cavity operably coupled to a source of steam; a bottom header pipe comprising an outlet header cavity for collecting condensate; top ends of the plurality of finned tubes coupled to the top header pipe and the bottom ends of the plurality of finned tubes coupled to the bottom header pipe; and, a shell having an open, top end and open bottom end, the at least one tube bundle assembly positioned within the shell.