A golf club head includes a heel portion, a toe portion, a hosel, and a striking face. The striking face includes a plurality of scorelines each having an average depth no less than about 0.10 mm, a plurality of first micro-grooves each having an average depth no greater than about 0.010 mm, and a plurality of second micro-grooves overlaid on the first micro-grooves, each of the second micro-grooves having an average depth greater than the average depth of the first micro-grooves. Some embodiments can also have a plurality of textured surface treatment regions superimposed on the overlaid first and second micro-grooves so as to at least partially intersect the micro-grooves.

A golf club head includes a heel portion, a toe portion, a hosel, and a striking face. The striking face includes a plurality of scorelines each having an average depth no less than about 0.10 mm, a plurality of first micro-grooves each having an average depth no greater than about 0.010 mm, and a plurality of second micro-grooves overlaid on the first micro-grooves, each of the second micro-grooves having an average depth greater than the average depth of the first micro-grooves. Some embodiments can also have a plurality of textured surface treatment regions superimposed on the overlaid first and second micro-grooves so as to at least partially intersect the micro-grooves.

A tool for forming a shaped product has a support body that is fabricated from a first material, such as for instance cast iron. The first material defines a first portion of a forming surface of the tool and has a feature supported thereon. The feature has a layer of a second material that is supported on the first material of the support body, a layer of a third material that is supported on the layer of the second material and a layer of a fourth material that is supported on the layer of the third material. The layer of the fourth material, such as for instance a tool steel alloy, defines a second portion of the forming surface of the tool. During use the first portion of the forming surface and the second portion of the forming surface cooperate to form a desired shape of the shaped product.

A tool for forming a shaped product has a support body that is fabricated from a first material, such as for instance cast iron. The first material defines a first portion of a forming surface of the tool and has a feature supported thereon. The feature has a layer of a second material that is supported on the first material of the support body, a layer of a third material that is supported on the layer of the second material and a layer of a fourth material that is supported on the layer of the third material. The layer of the fourth material, such as for instance a tool steel alloy, defines a second portion of the forming surface of the tool. During use the first portion of the forming surface and the second portion of the forming surface cooperate to form a desired shape of the shaped product.

A computer-implemented method and device are directed to a geometric analysis of a result of a manufacturing process or of a simulation of a manufacturing process in which a part (14) is formed from a planar sheet of material by means of a tool (1). The result comprises result model, being a computer based representation of the part after the (real or simulated) manufacturing process. The method comprises the computer-implemented steps of retrieving the result model (2); retrieving a reference model (3), the reference model being a mesh based model derived from a CAD model representing a target shape of the part or a tool shape; determining an improved result model (33) by transforming the mesh of the reference model (3) to match the shape of the result model (2); performing a geometric analysis on the basis of the improved result model (33).

Provided is an abrasion test apparatus for measuring an abrasion state of a workpiece, including: a workpiece holding mechanism holding the workpiece; a contact tool repeatedly making contact and non-contact with the workpiece; a rotating mechanism holding the contact tool to be freely rotatable; and a heating mechanism intermittently heating an end portion of the contact tool.

A method includes two or more reference strain gradient information being a relationship between the strain at the hole edge and a strain gradient along a radial direction. Hole expansion forming is performed on the evaluation metal sheet under the same forming conditions as respective forming conditions corresponding to at least two pieces of the reference strain gradient information to obtain at least two limit hole expansion ratios at a hole expansion limit of the evaluation metal sheet. A formable region of the evaluation metal sheet is obtained from the at least two pieces of the reference strain gradient information and the obtained at least two limit hole expansion ratios at the hole expansion limit. Stretch flange cracking at the sheared end face of the evaluation metal sheet is evaluated by the obtained formable region.

A method includes two or more reference strain gradient information being a relationship between the strain at the hole edge and a strain gradient along a radial direction. Hole expansion forming is performed on the evaluation metal sheet under the same forming conditions as respective forming conditions corresponding to at least two pieces of the reference strain gradient information to obtain at least two limit hole expansion ratios at a hole expansion limit of the evaluation metal sheet. A formable region of the evaluation metal sheet is obtained from the at least two pieces of the reference strain gradient information and the obtained at least two limit hole expansion ratios at the hole expansion limit. Stretch flange cracking at the sheared end face of the evaluation metal sheet is evaluated by the obtained formable region.

A plating steel sheet for hot press forming includes: a base steel sheet; an Al—Zn-based plating layer formed on at least one surface of the base steel sheet; and an Fe—Al-based surface alloy layer formed between the base steel sheet and the Al—Zn-based plating layer, wherein the Al—Zn-based plating layer can include 10-30 wt % of Zn, 1 wt % or less of Fe, and the balance of Al and impurities.

An object to provide a press-forming method that can efficiently suppress springback and easily specify a position where a springback reduction effect by rigidity improvement is large, and the press-forming method used in producing a press-formed product having a predetermined shape by press-forming a sheet material, the method including: a first process that repeatedly performs a springback analysis, while changing a position to be restricted, to specify a position where a springback reduction effect by rigidity improvement is large; a second process that performs a rigidity improvement measure on a position of the sheet material corresponding to the position of the formed-product model specified in the first process; and a third process that produces the press-formed product by press-forming the sheet material on which the rigidity improvement measure has been performed.