An apparatus and method for hardening and compacting an inner face of a cylindrical opening of a structure. The apparatus and method is directed towards the hardening and compaction of an elongated cylindrical opening by surrounding the inner face of the cylindrical opening with a glass tube, and initiating an explosive volume expansion of the glass. This in turn, creates a compressive force that acts on the inner face to compact and harden the surface.

An apparatus and method for hardening and compacting an inner face of a cylindrical opening of a structure. The apparatus and method is directed towards the hardening and compaction of an elongated cylindrical opening by surrounding the inner face of the cylindrical opening with a glass tube, and initiating an explosive volume expansion of the glass. This in turn, creates a compressive force that acts on the inner face to compact and harden the surface.

An impact forming device and method for local small features on a metal thin-walled curved-surface part. The impact forming device includes impact forming dies, impact loading units and a forming supporting die, wherein the impact forming die is provided with an impact forming part, and the impact forming part is a convex part corresponding to a local small feature; the forming supporting die can support and fix a metal thin-walled curved-surface part without forming local small features, and the forming supporting die is provided with concave parts matched with the impact forming parts; and the impact loading unit includes a guide rail, an explosive ball and a detonating block, under the impact loading of the impact loading units, the impact forming parts can impact the metal thin-walled curved-surface part without forming local small features under the matching action of the concave parts to form the local small features.

A disclosed forming system is a forming system which expands and forms a metal pipe in a die. The forming system includes a preliminary forming apparatus which preliminarily forms a metal pipe material, a forming apparatus which includes a gas supply unit which supplies gas into the preliminary-formed and heated metal pipe material to expand the metal pipe material and a main body portion to which the die is attached, and a cutting device which cuts at least a portion of the formed metal pipe. The gas supply unit is provided so as not to be disposed on a first straight line which connects the preliminary forming apparatus and the main body portion in a plan view and a second straight line which connects the cutting device and the main body portion in a plan view.

An energy transfer cooking device accessory is described which includes a plastically deformed metal sheet (and a transformer-like power transfer unit which has a primary circuit and a secondary circuit. The plastically deformed metal sheet is arranged between said primary circuit and said secondary circuit. Simultaneously said plastically deformed metal sheet forms a magnetically permeable coupling point for said primary circuit and said secondary circuit, so that a magnetic flux from said primary circuit to said secondary circuit via said plastically deformed metal sheet is guaranteed. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing an energy transfer cooking device accessory and a cooking device are described.

An energy transfer cooking device accessory is described which includes a plastically deformed metal sheet (and a transformer-like power transfer unit which has a primary circuit and a secondary circuit. The plastically deformed metal sheet is arranged between said primary circuit and said secondary circuit. Simultaneously said plastically deformed metal sheet forms a magnetically permeable coupling point for said primary circuit and said secondary circuit, so that a magnetic flux from said primary circuit to said secondary circuit via said plastically deformed metal sheet is guaranteed. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing an energy transfer cooking device accessory and a cooking device are described.

The spark plug gapping tool comprises a clamp that provides a spark plug holder on a lower arm that is vertically aligned with a threaded shaft and a pressing foot on an upper arm. An inverted spark plug may be installed into the spark plug gapping tool from the bottom side of the lower arm. A mounting clip on the clamp allows a gap gauge to be removably coupled to the clamp and the gap gauge provides a calibrated arm of a specific thickness, which the spark plug gap is to match. A handle on the threaded shaft allows the threaded shaft to be turned, causing the threaded shaft to move up and down within a threaded shaft hole. Downward movement of the pressing foot against an electrode of the spark plug bends the electrode and sets the spark plug gap.

The spark plug gapping tool comprises a clamp that provides a spark plug holder on a lower arm that is vertically aligned with a threaded shaft and a pressing foot on an upper arm. An inverted spark plug may be installed into the spark plug gapping tool from the bottom side of the lower arm. A mounting clip on the clamp allows a gap gauge to be removably coupled to the clamp and the gap gauge provides a calibrated arm of a specific thickness, which the spark plug gap is to match. A handle on the threaded shaft allows the threaded shaft to be turned, causing the threaded shaft to move up and down within a threaded shaft hole. Downward movement of the pressing foot against an electrode of the spark plug bends the electrode and sets the spark plug gap.

A structural component for a vehicle may include an extrusion that is extruded into a first state and then expanded into a second state. The extrusion in the first state has a reduced size relative to a desired final size. The extrusion in the first state is placed within a die that defines the desired final size. Pressurized water is distributed within internal cells of the extrusion in the first state such that the walls defining the internal cells are expanded into engagement with the surface of the die, thereby creating surface features or sealing interfaces with tight tolerances. The relative shape of the die and the extrusion in the first state defines an open space therebetween, into which the extrusion may expand to define the final shape. Some of the internal cells may be plugged such that they are not provided with pressurized water.

A method of shot peening according to the present invention includes: placing a jig having an appropriate dimension at one face side of a stamped workpiece; and performing shot peening on another face side of the workpiece in a state where the jig is placed at the one face side of the workpiece, and conforming the workpiece to the jig. At this time, the shot peening may be performed in such a way that residual stresses in the inner side and the outer side of the curved part of the workpiece will become compressive stresses.