A pillar for a motor vehicle bodywork is disclosed having a main element with an upper coupling section for attaching to a roof frame, and a secondary element composed of metallic alloy. The secondary element is connected in a planar fashion at least over certain sections of the main element, and the main element has a middle layer composed of a hardened steel alloy, and at least one outer layer which bounds the middle layer toward the outside.

A pillar for a motor vehicle bodywork is disclosed having a main element with an upper coupling section for attaching to a roof frame, and a secondary element composed of metallic alloy. The secondary element is connected in a planar fashion at least over certain sections of the main element, and the main element has a middle layer composed of a hardened steel alloy, and at least one outer layer which bounds the middle layer toward the outside.

The invention relates to a tool for realising a press quenching and tempering method for a rotational symmetric tool, in particular for a gear wheel, wherein the tool is at least in part manufactured as an additive and wherein, in an additively manufactured area of the tool, is formed at least one pipe for guiding a fluid.

A pillar for a motor vehicle bodywork is disclosed having a main element with an upper coupling section for attaching to a roof frame, and a secondary element composed of metallic alloy. The secondary element is connected in a planar fashion at least over certain sections of the main element, and the main element has a middle layer composed of a hardened steel alloy, and at least one outer layer which bounds the middle layer toward the outside.

A pillar for a motor vehicle bodywork is disclosed having a main element with an upper coupling section for attaching to a roof frame, and a secondary element composed of metallic alloy. The secondary element is connected in a planar fashion at least over certain sections of the main element, and the main element has a middle layer composed of a hardened steel alloy, and at least one outer layer which bounds the middle layer toward the outside.

A bicycle seat rail manufacturing method includes the steps of: pre-annealing, providing an aluminum alloy workpiece having undergone pre-annealing; first-stage heat treatment, performing heat treatment of full annealing on the aluminum alloy workpiece by a bending shaping, calendaring the aluminum alloy workpiece by a calendering shaping for a cooling time period, and bombarding the aluminum alloy workpiece by a cold forging shaping to increase its cross-sectional area; second-stage heat treatment, enhancing hardness of the aluminum alloy workpiece by a quenching shaping, and enhancing internal structure stability of the aluminum alloy workpiece by a tempering shaping; and cryogenic treatment, performing high-speed bombardments on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece by a shot blasting shaping to enhance its durability and service life. Therefore, a bicycle seat rail integrally formed of aluminum alloy is manufactured by the aforesaid steps.

A bicycle seat rail manufacturing method includes the steps of: pre-annealing, providing an aluminum alloy workpiece having undergone pre-annealing; first-stage heat treatment, performing heat treatment of full annealing on the aluminum alloy workpiece by a bending shaping, calendaring the aluminum alloy workpiece by a calendering shaping for a cooling time period, and bombarding the aluminum alloy workpiece by a cold forging shaping to increase its cross-sectional area; second-stage heat treatment, enhancing hardness of the aluminum alloy workpiece by a quenching shaping, and enhancing internal structure stability of the aluminum alloy workpiece by a tempering shaping; and cryogenic treatment, performing high-speed bombardments on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece by a shot blasting shaping to enhance its durability and service life. Therefore, a bicycle seat rail integrally formed of aluminum alloy is manufactured by the aforesaid steps.

A forging die device is provided with an upper die 10 and a lower die 20. At least one die 10 (20) of the upper die 10 and the lower die 20 has a die holder 12 (22) which surrounds the outer periphery of the die 10 (20) and holds the die 10 (20). The die holder 12 (22) is configured to bear the radial tensile stress (tensile force) received by the die 10 (20) during forging. By this means, the die 10 (20) can be miniaturized.

A forging die device is provided with an upper die 10 and a lower die 20. At least one die 10 (20) of the upper die 10 and the lower die 20 has a die holder 12 (22) which surrounds the outer periphery of the die 10 (20) and holds the die 10 (20). The die holder 12 (22) is configured to bear the radial tensile stress (tensile force) received by the die 10 (20) during forging. By this means, the die 10 (20) can be miniaturized.

Methods of refining the grain size of a titanium alloy workpiece include beta annealing the workpiece, cooling the beta annealed workpiece to a temperature below the beta transus temperature of the titanium alloy, and high strain rate multi-axis forging the workpiece. High strain rate multi-axis forging is employed until a total strain of at least 1 is achieved in the titanium alloy workpiece, or until a total strain of at least 1 and up to 3.5 is achieved in the titanium alloy workpiece. The titanium alloy of the workpiece may comprise at least one of grain pinning alloying additions and beta stabilizing content effective to decrease alpha phase precipitation and growth kinetics.